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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES ABWÄRME It was shown for the first time that a heat transformer can be operated using a working fluid pair consisting of water and an ionic liquid ([EMIM][OMs]). The maximum temperature rise achieved was 40 K. The COP values measu- red were between 0.2 and 0.3. The simulation generated COP values of bet- ween 0.4 and 0.5, although these were calculated under ideal heat transfer conditions. Figures 92 and 93 show the results from the economic feasibility analysis. Under the conditions specified in Section 2 above and assuming an input waste heat stream of 20 MW, an overall cost saving is only achievable if the waste heat stream has a temperature of 115 °C. 3.5.4 Exploitation, commercialisation and dissemination of results The results indicate that if the useful heat from a heat transformer is to be fed into a low-pressure steam network, this will only be economical for large capacity systems and where the waste heat temperatures are higher than that originally proposed. It therefore seems unlikely that there will be any breakthrough for heat transfer technology in the near future. Over the medium- to long-term, however, increasing energy prices and further im- provements in plate-based film heat transfer technology for absorber (and possibly desorber) units may lead to a significant shift in the position of the break-even point. The search for suitable pairs of working fluids resulted in the creation of a comprehensive database of comparatively thermally stable, hygroscopic ionic liquids, that could well open doors to a number of other applications, such as industrial drying processes. The project results have been published in scientific journals and presented at scientific conferences. Two patent applications have been filed. A number of student research projects that addressed certain specific questions were completed within the project framework. This helped to raise awareness and generate interest among students for this type of approach to reducing en- ergy consumption. The heat transformer at ITTK will be used for future stu- dent projects and will continue to be optimised as a result. The collaborative interaction between the project partners also gave rise to a number of questions that went beyond the immediate scope of the project, such as developing and improving plate absorbers so that they can be used in absorption chillers. This and other questions could be usefully addressed in future collaborative projects. 222PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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