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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES EP-WÜT 3.6 EP-Wüt – Energy-efficient heat exchangers BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1003 Project Coordinator: Dipl.-Ing. D. Laaber1, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. H.-J. Bart2; 1 Institut für Solar- forschung, DLR, Jülich; 2 Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, TU Kaiserslautern Project Partner: MERCK KGaA, Calorplast Wärmetechnik GmbH 3.6.1 Introduction Heat exchangers are typically made of metal, because metals exhibit excel- lent thermal conductivity and are thermally and mechanically very stable. There are, however, a wide range of applications for which metal equipment is not permissible for a number of reasons. This can be the case, for example, if the fluids used in the heat exchanger are highly corrosive. Metals might also be problematic because of specific process requirements, such as prod- ucts that must not contaminated by even the smallest traces of a metallic material. In such cases, glass or one of a number of ceramics are typically used instead. Up until now, heat exchangers made of plastic have tended to be niche prod- ucts, but their area of use is expanding constantly. Plastics have very unfa- vourable thermal conductivity coefficients (with average values of around 0.25 W/(m·K)) that are well below those of metals (50–250 W/(m·K)). In ad- dition, there are only a few plastics that are able to be used at temperatures above 60 °C. Nevertheless, the outstanding chemical resistance and compet- itive pricing of some of these materials makes them of potential interest. A range of studies and development projects have now been performed that confirm the performance capabilities of plastic heat exchangers. Most of the systems tested have been tube bundle heat exchangers made from polypro- pylene [1, 2, 3]. A novel concept for plastic heat exchangers was developed at the Depart- ment of Separation Science and Technology at Kaiserslautern University of Technology as part of project 240 ZN supported by the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations (AiF). The concept is based on the prin- ciple of a plate heat exchanger in which thin films of polymer (thickness: 25 μm) provide the heat transfer surfaces [4]. The system was designed for a desalination process, i.e. for use in a highly corrosive environment. Not on- ly was it possible to achieve heat transfer coefficients comparable to those attainable with metal heat exchangers, but there was also significantly less propensity to fouling. 224PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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