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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES HY-SILP ogeneous catalysis to be combined to create a new resource-efficient hy- droformylation technology. This would not only achieve faster conversion rates, but also improve selectivity and could potentially dispense with the need for a number of product workup procedures. This could reduce the en- ergy requirements of the overall process, which would generate econom- ic benefits as well as being environmentally advantageous. Although many catalysts are often made from expensive components, the improved yields and energy savings achievable through immobilisation can, when combined with a well-designed process, result in a significantly reduced production costs for a particular product. This is a particularly important factor in large- scale industrial chemical production processes. One of the most promising immobilisation concepts is that of Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) cat- alyst systems. 3.11.2 Project description The goal of the HY-SILP project was to develop novel, resource efficient im- mobilisation concepts for hydroformylation catalysts using ionic liquids (Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalyst systems, see Figure 101). Product The homogeneous transition metal complex is dissolved in a non-volatile ionic liquid and the resulting solution is then applied to a porous carrier material. The catalyst powder contains the individual solid SILP particles. The porous structure of the carrier material is coated with an ionic liquid in which the transition metal complex is dissolved. The result is a defined cat- alyst complex that exhibits high activity and selectivity. As is the case with a conventional homogeneous catalyst, modifications can be achieved relative- ly simply by altering the ligand design. On the macroscopic scale, the catalyst is either in the form of a pourable powder or a coated solid body, which fa- cilitates the separation of catalyst and product thus reducing the complexity of the overall process. There is no longer any need to use solvents to dissolve the ligands. Compared to conventional solvents, ionic liquids have the ad- vantage that they have effectively no vapour pressure and they also exhibit physical and chemical coordination properties. The substrates dissolve from Fig. 101: The functional structure of a SILP catalyst SILP Particles Substrate Pore structure Inoic liquid Dissolved transition metal catalyst 256 SILP Catalyst PowderPDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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