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HY-SILP FUNDED PROJECTS of thermal catalysis or catalysis occurring at acid centres in the carrier ma- terial, as shown in Figure 103. Capillary action means that these secondary products are retained in the small pores of the SILP system. The start-up be- haviour of the system therefore depends on the characteristics of the carrier material. Ultimately, the reaction enters a stationary state in which the pores of the SILP system are filled. To counteract the deactivation of the SILP catalyst caused by the accumula- tion of high-boiling secondary products, the ionic liquid needs to be a good solvent for the catalyst and a poor solvent for the main product and for the secondary products. The ligands must also exhibit high selectivity and ac- tivity and be matched to the ionic liquid being used. COSMO-RS methods were successfully developed within the HY-SILP project and were used to determine the activity coefficients of non-ionic liquids [5]. Progress was al- so made on predicting the solubility of ionic liquids. From a class of about 100 ligand structure types, 10 were identified as having good solubility in ionic liquids. Ligands possessing fragments of annular aromatic structures tended to show good solubility. New ligand structures were synthesised and successfully used in the hydroformylation reaction. A benzopinacol ligand system in a SILP catalyst was shown to be stable over a period of more than 2000 h and exhibited an average selectivity of about 85% for the linear alde- hydes (see Figure 104). The economic feasibility analysis identified potential CO2 savings of 2.3% through the implementation of an additional SILP reac- tor in the existing hydroformylation process. Fig. 104: Results of long-term studies of hydroformylation with SILP catalysts (left) and the associated test facility in an industrial technical centre (right) Experiment runtime / % 259 Yield Alken / % Aldehyde selectivity / %PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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