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3 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PROCESSES INREFF 3.12 InReff – Integrated Resource Efficiency for Reducing Climate Impacts in the Chemical Industry1 BMBF Project FKZ 033RC1111 Project Coordinator: Dr. Nicolas Denz, ifu Hamburg GmbH Project Partner: Sachtleben Chemie GmbH, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hochschule Pforz- heim, H.C. Starck GmbH 3.12.1 Introduction2 Many of the approaches that have been adopted to reduce emissions of climatically relevant greenhouse gases have focused on reducing the con- sumption of fossil fuels and minimising a system’s energy requirements. However, in the process industries, where large quantities of other resources and materials are consumed and converted in complex production systems, such an approach can be overly restrictive. For example, it is important to take account of the energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions as- sociated with supplying the necessary raw materials and feedstock. The type of comprehensive analysis that this requires is provided by existing method- ologies, such as the life cycle assessment method as set out, for example, in the ISO 14040 standard (2006) or the carbon footprint approach that is based on the GHG Protocol (2004). As many of the climatically relevant production processes are coupled to material flow streams, extensive analysis of the en- tire production system is required and not just of the energy generating and supply structures. From a climate protection perspective, increased resource efficiency with respect to both energy resources and material feedstocks is therefore an important production strategy. It may at first sight appear puzzling that economically beneficial savings re- main unused – savings that would result in a reduction of the quantities of energy and materials used and thus reduce the associated costs and green- house gas emissions. Closer analysis, however, reveals a number of reasons why this is the case (Görlach & Zvezdov, 2010). In complex production sys- tems, one often cited reason is that suitable analytical instruments are either unavailable or are not used. Today’s chemical industry does indeed have ac- 1 This article presents a summary of the main content presented in the final project report. 2 This section was taken from the original project proposal. 262PDF Image | Chemical Processes and Use of CO2
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