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From the above observations of different excess properties, especially from excess molar activation energy and excess molar enthalpy, the mechanism for IL mixing with trace or a large amount of water can be different. In fact, IL is a molten salt, i.e. electrolyte. It has been revealed that when electrolyte (e.g. NaCl) mixes with H2O, the properties of NaCl change significantly due to the solvation of ions (Na+ and Cl-) [133]. For ChCl/Urea, similar to NaCl, at least Cl in ChCl/Urea will be solvated with H2O (hydration). This relative strong hydration interaction between H2O and ion can lead to heat release, and this is consistence with the observation of the excess molar enthalpy. Based on the theory for aqueous electrolyte solutions, the hydration (solvation) can be saturated with a certain amount of H2O, and after that the addition of additional H2O just mixes with IL. Based on all the results of excess properties, x H2O 0.6-0.7 can be the separating point, i.e. before this point, the hydration is the dominant contribution, while after that point, the mixing of two solvents is the dominant contribution. However, due to the limited available experimental results, the analysis can only be conducted for this special aqueous ILs. More research work needs to be carried out to further characterize the aqueous IL system. 4.3 Performance evaluation for biogas upgrading Based on the preliminary survey, for conventional ILs, only three imidazolium-based ILs ([hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N] and [bmim][PF6]) can be used to conduct process simulation owing to their sufficient properties and gas solubilities. These three conventional ILs together with two novel ILs studied in this work were chosen in performance evaluation. The process simulation is essential in order to evaluate the performance of different ILs for CO2 separation. The commercial software Aspen Plus provides a tool to conduct this research. In this wok, the parameters for property of ILs and phase equilibria of gas-IL systems were implemented into Aspen Plus. The biogas upgrading (separate CO2 from the gas mixture of CO2 and CH4) was chosen as a case study. The conceptual processes for biogas upgrading with both conventional and novel ILs were simulated. The performances of these ILs were compared and evaluated. The IL-based technology was then studied with the integration of anaerobic digestion process. 37PDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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