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Applied Energy 175 (2016) 69–81 Evaluation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids for biogas upgrading Yujiao Xie a,⇑, Chunyan Ma a,b, Xiaohua Lu b, Xiaoyan Ji a,⇑ a Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden b Key Laboratory of Material and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China highlights The database of three ILs was implemented in Aspen plus. The process simulation of biogas upgrading using ILs was performed. The effects of property of ILs and operational parameters were investigated. The ILs scrubbing was compared with water scrubbing and aqueous ChCl/Urea scrubbing. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy article info Article history: Received 26 January 2016 Received in revised form 15 April 2016 Accepted 24 April 2016 Keywords: Ionic liquids Biogas upgrading Thermodynamic modeling Process simulation 1. Introduction Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of biological wastes, consisting 55–65% methane (CH4), 35–40% carbon dioxide (CO2), small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), water (H2O) and other trace compounds (H2, N2, O2). Biogas, which can be used as a vehicle fuel in combined heat and power plant, has shown a great potential to be utilized as a renewable energy and a substitute for fossil fuels [1–4]. However, the presence of CO2 in raw biogas significantly Abbreviations: ILs, ionic liquids; ChCl/Urea, choline-chloride/urea; [bmim][PF6], 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; [bmim][Tf2N], 1-Butyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; [hmim][Tf2N], 1-Hexyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; NRTL, non-random two-liquid model; RK, Redlich-Kwong equation of state. ⇑ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: yujiao.xie@ltu.se (Y. Xie), xiaoyan.ji@ltu.se (X. Ji). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.097 0306-2619/! 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. abstract The conceptual processes for biogas upgrading using three imidazolium-based ionic liquids ([hmim] [Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N] and [bmim][PF6]) were simulated in Aspen Plus to study the effect of properties of ionic liquids (ILs) on the process performance. To conduct the process simulation, each IL was input into Aspen Plus as a pseudo component, their critical properties were estimated by group contribution method, and their thermo-physical properties were correlated from the available experimental data by semi-empirical equations. The gas solubility in ILs was modeled with the non-random two-liquid model and Redlich–Kwong equation of state. Among the studied ILs, the simulation results show that the amount of recirculated solvents and the total energy consumption for upgrading process using ILs follow: [bmim][Tf2N] < [bmim][PF6] < [hmim][Tf2N]. The effects of density and viscosity of ILs on pressure drop and diameter of the absorber as well as the effects of operational pressures and temperatures on the process efficiency were investigated. It is found that the energy consumption increases with increasing pressure and temperature in the absorber and decreases with increasing pressure in the first flash tank. The ILs-based technology was further compared with water scrubbing and aqueous choline chloride/urea scrubbing, and the comparison shows that the total energy consumptions follow: 50%ChCl/Urea-water < [bmim][Tf2N] scrubbing < water scrubbing. ! 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. reduces its calorific value, decreases efficiency and increases the cor- rosion in pipelines during the transportation. Biogas upgrading technology is used to concentrate methane in biogas by the removal of CO2 and other impurities. Using upgraded biogas is considered as one of the most efficient methods for utilization of the renewable energy and reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions [5,6]. Different technologies have been developed and commercial- ized for biogas upgrading, such as water scrubbing, amine scrubbing, and membrane separation. Water scrubbing has been widely used in the European countries because it is a simple and low-cost technology [7,8]. While the absorption capacity of CO2 and mass transfer rate of CO2 in water are low, resulting in a large amount of solvents. For membranes, the gas selectivity is generally low, and multistage process is necessary to achieve high degree of separation, leading to a high manufacture cost. Amine is used as chemical solvent to remove acid gas through acid–base reactions,PDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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