PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 132
76 Y. Xie et al. / Applied Energy 175 (2016) 69–81 Fig. 10. Calculated CO2 and CH4 loadings in [hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N] and [bmim][PF6] at 293 K. Table 8 Calculated density and viscosity of ILs at 293 K. rate of steam. The vacuum pump power for [bmim][Tf2N] scrub- bing is lowest. The total energy demands follow: [bmim][Tf2N] < [hmim][Tf2N] < [bmim][PF6]. The heat duties show negative values, which means that the power is surplus. The excess power could be used in the heat integration activities. 3.3. Sensitivity analysis 3.3.1. Density and viscosity effects The thermodynamic and transport properties of ILs are impor- tant to the application of ILs for gas separation. The properties of ILs influence the mass transfer rate, diffusivity of gas in the solvent and gas–liquid interfacial area. Based on the simulation results obtained in the previous section, [bmim][Tf2N] is the most promis- ing solvent with the lowest energy consumption, and thus [bmim] [Tf2N] was chosen as the solvent to further study the effects of den- sity and viscosity on the absorber diameter and pressure drop in the absorber. In the study, the density or viscosity was changed, while other properties were kept constants in process simulation. Based on the literature survey, the densities of conventional imidazolium-based ILs change from 1000 to 1500 kg/m3, and the viscosities change from 0.02 to 0.8 Pa s at 293.15 K. As shown in Fig. 11(a), the absorber diameter is around 0.46 m while the pressure drop changes from 91.98 Pa/m to 94.61 Pa/m when the density changes from 940 to 1690 kg/m3. As shown in Fig. 11(b), the ILs with the viscosity lower than 0.44 Pa s was studied in this work because the high viscosity of ILs is not suitable to be used in the process. It was found that the absorber diameter increases from 0.42 to 0.51 m and the pressure drop increases from 91.2 to 96.6Pa/m when the viscosity of IL increases from 0.008 to 0.44 Pa s. It can be concluded that the density mainly influences the pressure drop of absorber, while the viscosity has an obvious effect on both absorber diameter and pressure drop. 3.3.2. Pressure and temperature effects The effects of pressure in the absorber and flash on the process efficiency were analyzed. The CO2 removal efficiency (RCO2 ) and CH4 loss ratio (LCH4 ) were used to quantify the system efficiency: RCO 1⁄4 VCO2-SG 100%: ð13Þ 2 VCO -BIOGAS 2 LCH 1⁄4 VCH4-SG 100%: ð14Þ 4 V CH4 -BIOGAS where V CO2 -SG and V CH4 -SG are CO2 and CH4 mole flow rates (kmol/h) at the top exit of Flash-2, respectively, and V CO2 -BIOGAS and V CH4 -BIOGAS are CO2 and CH4 mole flow rates (kmol/h) of biogas, respectively. [hmim][Tf2N] [bmim][Tf2N] [bmim][PF6] Table 9 Density, kg/m3 1375 1441 1372 Viscosity, Pa s 0.089 0.060 0.33 [bmim][PF6] 13.205 13.410 9.444 8.453 44.512 13.352 13.867 0.823 28.042 Power and heat duty requirements on biogas upgrading. [hmim][Tf2N] Comp 1 Comp 2 Pump 7.744 Vacuum pump 8.454 Total 45.348 Heat duty, kW Cooler1 13.352 Cooler2 16.506 Cooler3 0.829 Total 30.687 [bmim][Tf2N] 13.205 13.546 6.884 7.447 41.082 13.352 14.010 0.773 28.135 Power, kW 13.205 15.945 as the solubility of CH4 in the ILs is not extremely low compared to the CO2 solubility. In Aspen plus, the absorber diameter is estimated from the maximum capacity and the capacity factor in the sizing model. The capacity factor is related to the density and viscosity of sol- vents, thus, the density and viscosity of solvents affect the absorber diameter. Table 8 shows the calculated density and viscosity of [hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N] and [bmim][PF6] at 293 K. The density of [bmim][Tf2N] is the highest while the viscosity is the lowest. The absorber diameters with different solvents follow the same order as the viscosity, i.e. [bmim][Tf2N] < [hmim][Tf2N] < [bmim][PF6]. Meanwhile, the densities of the studied ILs only show a slightly dif- ference comparing to the difference in their viscosities. Therefore, the viscosity of ILs is a key factor to determine the absorber diam- eter. The larger the absorber diameter, the higher the investment cost. Table 9 lists the power and heat duty for biogas upgrading using different ILs. The compression work contributes 60–65% to the total energy demand, and the differences in the compression work are quite small due to the same plant capacity. The power require- ments of pump are quite different because of the differences on the amounts of recirculated solvents. The power requirements for vacuum pump depend on the vacuum value of flash and the flowPDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
PDF Search Title:
CO2 Separation with Ionic LiquidsOriginal File Name Searched:
co2-separation-ionic-liquids.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)