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2 Yujiao Xie/ Energy Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 production in the European Union has steadily increased over the past years [3]. If biogas is used as vehicle fuel compared to electricity production or for replacing natural gas by injection into the gas grid in Sweden, the GHG savings can be up to 80-90% [4]. Biogas consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. The methane content in AD-produced biogas ranges between 50-70%vol [5] and consequentially need to be upgraded to at least 97%, according to the Swedish regulations, SS 155438:2015 [6], in order to be used as vehicle fuel or injected to the gas-grid. Similarly, there is ongoing standardization work within the EU regarding biomethane for transport applications and injection to natural gas pipelines [5]. Ionic liquids (ILs) have received much attention for CO2 separation since Blanchard et al. reported the high CO2 solubility in IL in 1999 [7]. ILs show a great potential to be used as a solvent for biogas upgrading due to the high CO2 solubility/selectivity and low energy requirement for solvent regeneration as well as other unique properties (e.g. negligible vapour pressure). Bidart et al. [8] investigated biogas upgrading using common and functionalized ILs and concluded that the advantage of ILs is the properties of low volatility and chemical stability as solvents, which facilitate the biogas upgrading process. Zhang et al. [9] studied the thermodynamic and mass-transfer properties of ILs and recommend 50 wt% [bmim][NO3] + 50 wt% NHD mixture to be used in biogas upgrading, and suggested to develop new ILs to further enhance selectivity and absorption capacity. Xu et al. [10] found that the energy usage of conventional ILs technology for biogas upgrading is similar to that for water scrubbing, but much lower than that for aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) scrubbing. In our previous work [11], the conceptual processes for biogas upgrading using three imidazolium- based ILs were simulated, and the energy usage for [bmim][Tf2N] scrubbing is the lowest in the investigated process with the imidazolium-based ILs. Meanwhile, the novel ILs have also been studied in our previous work. 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole formate ([Amim][HCOO]) was synthesized as a tailored sorbent for CO2 separation [12], and choline chloride/urea (ChCl/Urea) was also studied as a novel IL to separate CO2 because of the prevailing property of low price and environmentally benign [13]. However, how these solvents will affect the performance of biogas upgrading and the comparisons with each other have not yet been studied. In the current paper, the process simulations on biogas upgrading using water, [bmim][Tf2N], aqueous ChCl/Urea, and aqueous [Amim][HCOO] were performed, and the aqueous [Amim][HCOO] scrubbing was simulated with input from biogas processes using different substrates. In industrial conditions, the gas composition and gas flow rates vary between plants [4]. To assess the energy efficiency of the aqueous [Amim][HCOO] upgrading process at industrial conditions, a sensitivity analysis of the IL technology with varying methane compositions was performed and the energy efficiency results were compared to industrial data. Nomenclature AD [Amim][HCOO] [bmim][Tf2N] ChCl/Urea ILs 2. Methodology 2.1. Process description anaerobic digestion 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole formate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide mixture of choline chloride and urea (mole ratio 1:2) ionic liquidsPDF Image | CO2 Separation with Ionic Liquids
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