Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal

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Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal ( continuous-valorization-glycerol-into-solketal )

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Sustain. Chem. 2021, 2 296 Author Moreira, 2019 Sulistyo,2020 Clays Timofeeva, 2017 Amri, 2019 Metal Oxides Zhang, 2015 Gadamsetti, 2015 Rodrigues, 2016 Catalyst Amberlyst–35 0.5 wt% (reactants) Indion 225 Na 5wt%2 HNO3 Modified montmorillonite clay 5 wt% (glycerol) HCl activated clay 5 w/v% (reactants) M–NiAlPO4 4 wt% (glycerol) MoPO/SBA–15 2.7 wt% (reactants) 1Nb:0.05Al 2.7 wt% (glycerol) Acidity (mmol/gcat ) 5.08 N.A.1 0.015 3 0.0065 3 0.12 ≈ 1 0.094 Table 1. Cont. Reaction Conditions G:A = 1:2 T = 303 K T = 480 min Solv. = Ethanol G:A = 1:5 T=328K T = 180 min G:A = 1:2.5 T = 298 K T = 15 min Solv. = acetonitrile G:A = 1:6 T = 298 K T = 60 min Solv. = Isopropanol G:A = 1:8 T = 353 K T = 60 min G:A = 1:2 T = 301 K T = 60 min G:A = 1:4 T = 323 K T = 360 min Results (%) Xgly = 70% Xgly =31.9% Xgly = 94% Sel = 95.4% Ysolk = 69.3% Sel = 75.1% Ysolk = 75.4% Xgly = 100% Sel = 98% Xgly = 84% Sel = 98% Reusability N.A. 1 N.A.1 Three cycles without significant activity loss. Significant activity loss in the second cycle. Three cycles without significant activity loss. Activity decreased from the fourth cycle on. A 30% activity loss after the first cycle. Activity remained until de fourth cycle (Xgly = 100, 70, 68, and 62%). Four cycles without significant activity loss. Ref. [10] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83]

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