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Figure 3. Cyclic voltammetry of 10 mM p-nitro compounds 1-4 with Ag (black line), Cu (red line) and C (blue line), under CO2 atmosphere. Scan rate: 0.5 V·s−1. Solution of DMF/0.1M TBA BF4 (left) and solution of 3 mL EMIM TFSI (right). C 2020, 6, 34 Eq. 10 Eq. 11 9 of 21 X O2N X O2N C 2020, 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW ESqc.h1e2me 5. Pr2opCosOal mechanism for general catalytic process between CO2 and p-nitrobenzene halides. Entry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cat. 1 2 3 WE DMF/0.1 M TBA EMIM DMF/0.1 EMIM DMF/0.1 M TBA BF4 EMIM TFSI 11 4 10 5 29 7 22 5 17 6 8 7 14 6 33.4 6.57 -- - - 38.1 9.37 -- - - X +1e- O2N X: CH3, F, Cl, I X +CO O 2N Electrochemical reduction Homogeneous catalysis Ag −0.919 Cu −0.889 C −0.899 Ag −0.839 Cu −0.80 C −0.839 Ag −0.699 Cu −0.689 C −0.689 Ag −0.719 Cu −0.699 −0.919 0.90 0.92 −0.919 0.88 0.92 −0.919 0.90 0.91 −0.859 1.00 0.98 −0.859 1.00 0.97 −0.859 1.00 0.98 −0.829 1.09 1.01 −0.819 1.09 1.01 −0.829 1.09 1.01 −0.829 1.05 0.98 −0.839 1.00 0.95 7 6 - - 2 2 + CO2 O OO O Scheme 5. Proposal mechanism for general catalytic process between CO2 and p-nitrobenzene halides. In the case of carbon cathode, C, it is possible to see an oxidation peak in the corresponding anodIicntchoeucnatseerosfccanrb(ocnopcaptehrodaen,dC,sitlviseproeslseicbtlreotdoeseewaonuoldxidbaetionxipdeiazkedinuthnedecorrrthesispoenxdpienrgimaneondtaicl conudnitteiornssc)anbe(tcwopeepner+0a.n1d9asinlvde+r0e.4le4ctVro(dvse.sSwHoEu)l.dInbealolxcaidseizsetdhiusnpdeearktchoisrrexspoernidmsetnotathleconxdiditaitoinosn) obfeotwxaeleante+a0n.i1o9na[n1d49+],0w.4h4iVch(ivssf.oSrHmEed). aInftearllrecadsuecsinthgitshpeenaiktrcooarroemspaotincdcsomtoptohuenodx.idItaitsioimn poof rotxaanltatoe raenmioanrk[1t4h8a],twthheicohxisdafotiromnepdoatfetnertiraeldvuacliunegothbetaniniterdoafrormoaxtaiclactoemispsoturonndg. lIyt idseimpepnodretannttotfotrheemamrkotuhnat othfewoxaitderatpiornespeonttenitniatlhvealusoelovbetnatin(eFdigfuoreox4a)l.atTehiessstraomneglyredseupltesndareentobftahienaemdofuorntaofswamatperleproefsepnutrine tehterasboulvteynlatm(Fmigounreiu4m). oTxhaelasatem, seirnecseudltisffaerreeonbttaminoeudnftoorfawsamteprlaeroefthpeuroextaeltartaebouxtyidlamtiomnopneiuakmsohxifatlsatoe, hsingcherdioffxeirdeantitoanmpooutnetntoifalws.aMteroraeroevtehre, obxyaluastienogxaidcaatirobnonpecakthsohdifetsitoishpigohsesribolexidtoatdioenteprmotiennetitahles. cMonocreonvtreart,iboynuosfinogxaalactaerbfornmceadthuopdoenitriesdpuocstsioibnleutsoindgetCerVm,isninectehethceonacneondtircatpioenakofcuoxrraelnatevfaolrumeeids rueplaotnedredwucithiontuhseingoxCaVla,tseinceotnhcenatnroadtiiocnp.eaHkecnucrere,ntwvealubeuisltrelatecdalwibirtahtitohneoxcaulravtecounscinengtraptuiorne. tHeternacbeu,twyleabmuoilntiaumcaloibxraaltaitoenfocurrdveteursminignipnugrethtetarmabouutynltaomfonxiaulmateooxabltatienefodrudpeotenrmreidnuincgtiothnefaomr eoaucnht po-fnoitxraolactoemobptoauined. uFpinoanllrye,dtuhcetiToOnFfovraelaucehspw-neirteroocbotmainpeodunuds.inFgintahlrlyo,utghhe TFOFWvAal’usemsewtheroedo.bAtallinthede vuasliunegsthwreoruegshumFOmWaAriz’semdeinthToadb.leA2ll.thevaluesweresummarizedinTable2. Figure 4. Cyclic voltammetry of 5 mM TBA2C2O4 with glassy carbon under N2 atmosphere. Scan rate: Figure 4. Cyclic voltammetry of 5 mM TBA2C2O4 with glassy carbon under N2 atmosphere. Scan rate: 0.5 V·s−1. 0.5 V·s−1. 10 of 21 Table 2. Catalytic parameters in homogeneous catalysis of CO2. E0catalyst (V vs. SHE) η (V) TOF (s−1) [C2O42-] (mM) DMF/0.1 EMIM M TBA TFSI BF4 TFSI M TFSI BF4 TBABF4 24 9 10 11 - - 6 18.2 3.41 7-- 8 13 - -PDF Image | Electrochemical Tuning of CO2 Reactivity in Ionic Liquids
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