evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production

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evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production ( evaluation-co2-utilisation-fuel-production )

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Boundaries of the simulated CDU plants towards the boundaries of the most common conventional synthesis processes in Europe, for the purposes of this report..................................................24 Figure 2: Process flow diagram of the reference process for MeOH synthesis CO2 and H2 from electrolysis. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Figure 3: Composite curves of the reference process for MeOH synthesis for a minimum temperature difference of 10 K. ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 4: Process flow diagram of the integrated process for MeOH synthesis from CO2 and H2 from electrolysis. ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Figure 5: Total installed cost (ISBL) breakdown for the MeOH CDU plant. ........................................................ 38 Figure 6: Operating costs breakdown for the MeOH CDU plant. FCP in grey bars, VCP in grey striped bars and MeOH and oxygen revenues in orange striped bars. The utilities contribution is dominated by electricity needs............................................................................................................................................................................39 Figure 7: NPV variation with prices of MeOH, O2, CO2, electricity and ISBL. These are represented by relative increments/decrements towards the original values considered. ......................................................... 40 Figure 8: Prices of CO2 that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the MeOH CDU plant............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 Figure 9: Prices of MeOH that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the MeOH CDU plant.................................................................................................................................................................................................41 Figure 10: Fuel’s share for private and light commercial vehicles by 2030 for the two considered scenarios, BASE and FCV+. Hybrid vehicles are also taken into account............................................................42 Figure 11: Demand for CO2 for the MeOH penetration pathways, and conservative point of view....43 Figure 12: Demand for CO2 for the MeOH penetration pathways, and optimistic point of view. ......... 43 Figure 13: Process flow diagram of FA synthesis from CO2 and H2 from electrolysis................................ 48 Figure 14: Composite curves of the FA synthesis process plotted for a minimum temperature difference of 20 K. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 15: Total installed cost (ISBL) breakdown for the FA CDU plant..............................................................55 Figure 16: Operating costs breakdown for the FA CDU plant. FCP in grey bars, VCP in grey striped bars and FA and oxygen revenues in orange striped bars. ......................................................................................... 55 Figure 17: NPV variation with prices of FA, O2, CO2, electricity, HP steam, consumables and ISBL. These are represented by relative increments/decrements towards the original values considered. 57 Figure 18: Prices of CO2 that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the FA CDU plant............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 Figure 19: Prices of FA that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the FA CDU plant............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 58 Figure 20: Prices of CO2 that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the FA CDU plant, when the price of consumables is decreased by a factor of 6...................................................................58 Figure 21: Prices of FA that make NPV = 0 for a range of electricity prices (x axis) in the FA CDU plant, when the price of consumables is decreased by a factor of 6...................................................................58 Figure 22: Demand for CO2 for the FA penetration pathways, and conservative point of view............59 5

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