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evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production

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evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production ( evaluation-co2-utilisation-fuel-production )

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: CDU processes considered..........................................................................................................................................20 Table 2: KPIs results for the MeOH CDU plant...................................................................................................................37 Table 3: Main metrics comparison between MeOH CDU plant and the weighted-average conventional synthesis plant in western Europe [57], [114]. Gate-to-gate boundaries. ............................ 39 Table 4: Breakeven prices for NPV=0, for the MeOH CDU plant..............................................................................40 Table 5: Main values calculated for the overall market penetration pathways for MeOH from CO2 in Europe. The values correspond to BASE and FCV+ scenarios. MeOH has a global production of 58 Mt/yr (2012)........................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Table 6: KPIs results for the FA CDU plant. * As resulted in the model and including CO2, H2, water, solvent and amine; however, for costs estimation, we have taken into account the assumptions mentioned along the text, regarding theoretical renewal periods and consumptions for catalysts, solvent and amine..............................................................................................................................................................................53 Table 7: Variation of CO2 used, combining zero CO2 emissions allocated to electricity and/or steam, and emissions derived from 0.508 tCO2/MWh electricity [113], and 0.072 tCO2/GJ steam [43] ......... 54 Table 8: Main metrics comparison between the FA CDU plant and the conventional methyl formate hydrolysis process. The conventional pathway includes CO synthesis and FA production. Data are from [114], [146]. The conventional production costs have been estimated assuming a 27 % benefit, based on the FA market price. Gate-to-gate boundaries........................................................................... 56 Table 9: Breakeven prices for NPV=0, for the FA CDU plant......................................................................................57 Table 10: Main values calculated for the overall market penetration pathways for FA from CO2 in Europe. The values correspond to BASE and FCV+ scenarios. Formic acid has a global production of 0.62 Mt/yr (2012). .............................................................................................................................................................................. 60 Table 11: Costs breakdown and assumed parameters. When an interval is mentioned, the first value corresponds to a process with higher TRL (i.e. the MeOH process), while the second one corresponds to a process with lower TRL (i.e. the FA process) [54]. .................................................................................................. 79 Table 12: Prices considered in the economic KPIs, in €2014. ........................................................................................ 79 Table 13: Description of each penetration pathway for MeOH synthesis from CO2. Conservative and optimistic points of view differ in the percentages of energy demand replaced by the product synthesised by CO2. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 83 Table 14: Hypotheses and parameters assumed for each penetration pathway for MeOH. .................. 84 Table 15: Description of each penetration pathway for FA synthesis from CO2. Conservative and optimistic points of view differ in the percentages of energy demand replaced by the product synthesised by CO2. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 85 Table 16: Hypotheses and parameters assumed for each penetration pathway for FA. .......................... 85 7

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