PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 034
3.3 Synthesis of methanol using captured CO2 There exist two catalytic routes to synthesise MeOH from CO2: direct hydrogenation of CO2 with H2 or CO2 conversion into CO and further hydrogenation of CO [100]. MeOH can be also produced electrochemically by CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation [101]. Methanol can be a product of CO2 reduction and water oxidation in a fuel cell, producing oxygen as by-product [102]. There is also a line of research considering solar energy as the source of CO2 reduction with H2O in a compacted photo-electrochemical cell [103]. Methanol synthesis from captured CO2 is moving forward: Iceland and Japan have different plants that combine CO2 and renewable H2 [17]. Carbon Recycling International (CRI) started the operation of its first commercial demonstration plant in Iceland, in 2011, with the aim of improving plant economics for larger plants and of gaining operational expertise [104]. This plant has the particular advantage that its location gives it access to very low-cost electricity from geothermal energy sources and CO2 from the geothermal source [1]. Its capacity is about 5 Mt MeOH/yr. Moreover, CRI has had a pilot plant operating since 2007. The company is involved in a Horizon 2020 project aiming to use surplus and intermittent renewable energy sources to produce chemicals and fuels from CO2 from coal power plants. The study will focus on the deployment of fast response electrolysers [104]. Mitsui Chemicals Inc., in 2008, built a pilot plant to synthesise MeOH from CO2 and H2 in Osaka, with a capacity of around 100 t MeOH/yr. The installation uses CO2 emitted from factories and H2 obtained from water photolysis. The purpose of the MeOH produced is to synthesise olefins and aromatics [105]. Methanex, a leading MeOH company, expressed its interest in MeOH produced from CO2, becoming a shareholder of CRI in July 2013 [106], [107]. Moreover, CRI has also attracted attention from the northern European oil company Argos, which started to sell gasoline blended with MeOH from CRI in the Netherlands, in February 2013 [108]. The existence of the CRI and Mitsui Chemicals Inc. plants allows us to conclude a TRL of 6-7 for MeOH synthesis from CO2. As such, R & D is crucial to move towards a competitive CDU process, from the most fundamental research level (e.g. [109], research on catalysts) to integrated studies at conceptual design level (e.g. [110], complete plants). 3.4 Methanol CDU process simulation in CHEMCAD The MeOH synthesis process can be separated into three different stages [67]. In the first stage of the process, the feed gases are compressed up to the reactor feed pressure, using several compression stages with intercooling. In the second stage, the pressurised feed is heated up and fed to the reactor. In the third stage, MeOH is separated from water in a distillation column. Before entering the distillation column, which is operated at ambient pressure, the process stream coming from the reaction section is depressurised. While the main stream is condensed, the unreacted H2 and CO2 are purged from a flash vessel. The process is governed by the two main reactions that occur in the reactor, Eq. (9) and Eq. (10). CO 3H CHOHHO Eq.(9) 2232 CO2 H2 CO H2O Eq. (10) While Eq. (9) is the one that produces MeOH, Eq. (10) is less desirable as it consumes the feed meant for MeOH formation. The selectivity is pushed towards the MeOH formation by recycling the formed CO together with unreacted H2 after a flash separation of MeOH and water. The heat of reaction can be partially used to heat feed streams. 32PDF Image | evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production
PDF Search Title:
evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel productionOriginal File Name Searched:
ld1a27629enn.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |