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production and compression) may account for at least 60 % of the investment [92]. Therefore, it can be said that the electrolyser is more expensive than the syngas production step, taking into account that the rest of the plant configuration is very similar for both plants. Whereas the CDU plant consumes more electricity than the benchmark European conventional plant, the final balance of CO2 emissions is positive for the CDU plant if compared to the conventional plant, when electrolysis is powered by zero CO2 emissions sources. An emission change (reduction) of 77 % (Table 2) means 0.6 tCO2/tMeOH not-emitted. Note that the larger contribution is from direct emissions, which are significantly lower in the CDU plant than in the conventional process. Comparing the CDU plant with the benchmark plant, the production of almost 450 kt MeOH/yr saves 265 kt/yr of natural gas. 154 38 -200 -50 100 250 400 20 8 26 Salary and overheads Interest Maintenance Utilities Raw materials Consumables MeOH revenue By-product revenue 3 4 503 Operating costs (M€/yr) Figure 6: Operating costs breakdown for the MeOH CDU plant. FCP in grey bars, VCP in grey striped bars and MeOH and oxygen revenues in orange striped bars. The utilities contribution is dominated by electricity needs. Table 3: Main metrics comparison between MeOH CDU plant and the weighted-average conventional synthesis plant in western Europe [57], [114]. Gate-to-gate boundaries. Electricity needs (MWh/tMeOH) Cooling water needs (tH2O/tMeOH) Capital costs (CAPEX) (€/(tMeOH/yr)) Variable costs (€/tMeOH) Fixed costs (€/tMeOH) Direct CO2 emissions (tCO2/tMeOH) Indirect CO2 emissions (tCO2/tMeOH) Inlet CO2 (tCO2/tMeOH) Savings natural gas (tNG/yr) (0.6 tNG/tMeOH) 4.2 Financial analysis CDU plant 11.954 92.26 1 281.77 1 120.45 70.44 0.090 0.091 1.460 264 702.72 Conventional plant 0.147 90.00 862.28 364.66 43.63 0.695 0.073 The NPV for the MeOH CDU plant is - EUR 3 194 million under the hypotheses outlined in Section 2.3. In order to know under which circumstances the MeOH CDU plant could have a positive 39PDF Image | evaluation of CO2 utilisation for fuel production
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