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Energies 2019, 12, 809 Property Carbon(wt%) Hydrogen (wt%) Oxygen(wt%) Cetane Number (CN) CetaneIndex Lower Heating Value (LHV) MJ/kg Density at 15 ◦ C (kg/m3 ) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (wt%) Aromaticity Sulfur Content (mg/kg) Manganese Content (mg/lt) Flash Point (◦ C) Cloud Point (◦C) Ash Content (wt%) Water Content (mg/kg) Carbon Residue on 10% Distillation (wt%) Total Contamination (mg/kg) Water and Sediment (vol%) Copper Strip Corrosion Rating Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) (vol%) Oxidation Stability Lubricity, Wear Scar Diameter at 60 ◦C (μm) Viscosity at 40 ◦ C (mm2 /s) Distillation vol% Recovered at 250 ◦ C vol% Recovered at 350 ◦C Distillation Temperature (◦C) 90 vol% Recovered 95 vol% Recovered Conductivity (pS/m) Acid Number (mg KOH/g) 24 of 41 Table 9. Standards and typical properties of petroleum Diesel (No.2), biodiesel and Green Diesel. Data from [29,35,210–215]. Petroleum Diesel European Standard EN590:2013+A1:2017 Min Max - - - - - - 51 - 46 - - - 820 845 - 8 - - - 10 - 2 55 - Down to −34 Petroleum Diesel USA Standard ASTM D975-17a Green Diesel European Standard EN15940:2016/A1:2018 Biodiesel European Standard EN14214/A2:2018-A2 Typical Fuel Properties Biodiesel Green Diesel (FAME) Min - - - 40 40 - - - - - - 52/38 - - - - - - - - - - 520 - 1.9/1.3 4.1/2.4 2 No.2 Petroleum Diesel FT Diesel 74–80 ≈43.5 774–782 <0.2 <5 ≈71 Max - - - - - - - - - 0.01 - 0.35 - 0.05 No. 3 5 Min - - - 70/51 - - 765 780 - Max - - - - - - 800 810 55 - Down to −34 Min - - - 51 - - Max - - - - 86.8 76.2 84.9 13.2 12.6 15.1 0.0 11.2 0.0 - 35 vol% - 1.1 wt% - 860 - - 890 - 44.5–67 ≈43.1 796–841 1.5–4.4 45-55 ≈37.2 ≈880 100–180 10.5...−13 Class 1 2–15 h 2.9–11 >70 43.7–44.5 770–790 <0.1 0 max <5 >59 −5...−34 <0.001 <200 <0.1 <10 ≤0.02 Class 1 0 <25 g/m3 >700 (additive required) 2–4 - 15 - 5 - 10 3.8–15 - ----- - 101 - - - - - - 500 - 0.3 24 - - Class 1 96.5 wt% - 6 h - - - 3.5 5.0 35 vol% max - - - - - - 20 - 2 - 85 - - - - 54–148 0.01 No.3 226–354 1.9–4.1 0.01 200 0.3 24 - 7 h 25g/m3 - - - - - 0.01 200 0.3 24 0.02 7 25 g/m3 460 4.5 <65 - - 360 - 0.1 Class 1 Class 1 - - 20 h ≈0.8 420–570 (additive required) 2–4.5 460 4.5 <65 - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - 282 282–338 360 - - - 25 - - - 0.1 85 - - 25 - - 279–360 282–338 ≈305.8 - - <320 ≈312.2 0.5 ≥50PDF Image | Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies
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