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Contents Executive summary 4 Introduction 6 Industrial biotechnology as part of the solution to climate change 7 The role of industrial biotechnology in the biobased economy 8 Technological progress in industrial biotechnology: Greening the economy 9 Current trends in technology applications 9 Emerging trends 9 From incremental to radical innovation 11 The importance of converging technologies 14 Enabling industrial biotechnology at industrial scale: The importance of 14 biorefineries Challenges and recommendations 15 Feedstock competition and land availability 15 Research and innovation 18 Dedicated policies and incentives to promote the use of biobased products 21 Standards for measuring sustainability and GHG savings 23 Communication and education 24 Conversion towards low-carbon renewable-based production systems 26 Need for an integrated and strategic approach 27 Concluding remarks 29 Annex Impact of industrial biotechnology in different industrial sectors 31 Overall impact 31 Impact per sector: case studies 32 Notes 39 Figures Figure 1. Biological intermediates substituting petrochemical building blocks 10 Figure 2. Process inputs in terms of energy, chemicals and natural resources as 13 well as emissions to water and air were reduced Figure 3. The integrated biorefinery concept 15 Figure 4. Comparison of areas of interest 20 Figure 5. Policies for a low GHG path 28 Figure A1.1. Overview of chemicals that can be obtained from major biomass 34 constituents by possible biotechnological processes 37 Figure A1.3. Costs and CO2 profile of various biofuels compared to the fossil 38 fuel counterpart Figure A1.2. Climate change impacts of enzymatic versus traditional treatment of coloured wastewater INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES – © OECD 2011 3PDF Image | Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change
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