PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 007
Part 1: Seawater carbonate chemistry Available in the Dropbox 1 The carbon dioxide system in seawater: equilibrium chemistry and measurements Andrew G. Dickson Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, USA 1.1 Introduction The world’s oceans can be thought of as a dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate (together with other acid-base species at still lower concentrations) in a saltwater background. In the surface waters of the North Atlantic, for example, the concentration of total dissolved inorganic carbon (the sum of the concentrations of the three coexisting species: bicarbonate ion, carbonate ion, and unionised dissolved carbon dioxide) is only about 2 mmol kg–1. About 90% of this is present as bicarbonate ion, the proportion of carbonate ion is about a factor of 10 less (~10%), and that of unionised carbon dioxide yet another factor of 10 less (<1%). As a result of the equilibria between these various species (see below), seawater is buffered (weakly) with respect to changes in hydrogen ion (present at much lower concentrations: <10–8 μmol kg–1). Over the past twenty years, accurate measurement of the seawater carbon dioxide system has become a high priority for scientists who have worked to understand just how much of the carbon dioxide (CO2) created by man’s activities has ended up in the ocean, where it is distributed, and how it has changed the chemistry of the oceans. The chemical changes associated with the increase of CO2 in the oceans are often referred to as ocean acidification. As we work to design suitable experiments to understand the biological and ecological consequences of such changes, it is important that the chemistry of CO2 be well characterised in the various laboratory experiments and field observations that are undertaken. Achieving this requires an understanding of the basic solution chemistry underlying ocean acidification, as well as of the relative merits of the variousPDF Image | INTRODUCTION TO CO2 CHEMISTRY IN SEA WATER
PDF Search Title:
INTRODUCTION TO CO2 CHEMISTRY IN SEA WATEROriginal File Name Searched:
oa-chemistry-dickson-050916.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |