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Marine Chemistry 106 (2007) 287–300 Available in the Dropbox Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical processes Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrowa,⁎, Richard E. Zeebea,1, Christine Klaasa, Arne Körtzingera,2, Andrew G. Dicksona,b a Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postfach 12 01 61, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Federal Republic of Germany b Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA Received 13 February 2006; received in revised form 15 September 2006; accepted 4 January 2007 Available online 26 January 2007 Abstract Total alkalinity (TA) is one of the few measurable quantities that can be used together with other quantities to calculate concentrations of species of the carbonate system (CO2, HCO−3, CO23−, H+, OH−). TA and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are conservative quantities with respect to mixing and changes in temperature and pressure and are, therefore, used in oceanic carbon cycle models. Thus it is important to understand the changes of TA due to various biogeochemical processes such as formation and remineralization of organic matter by microalgae, precipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate. Unfortunately deriving such changes from the common expression for TA in terms of concentrations of non-conservative chemical species (HCO−3, CO23−, B(OH)−4, H+, OH−, etc.) is rarely obvious. www.elsevier.com/locate/marchem Here an expression for TA (TA ) in terms of the total concentrations of certain major ions (Na+, Cl−, Ca2+ etc.) and the totalPDF Image | INTRODUCTION TO CO2 CHEMISTRY IN SEA WATER
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