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Inorganics 2017, 5, 25 Inorganics 2017, 5, 25 11 of 17 Inorganics 2017, 5, 25 11 of 17 3.4. Layered Structures 3.4. Layered Structures 3.4. Layered Structures 3.4.1. Layered LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 3.4.1. Layered LiNi Co O 0.55 0.45 3.4.1. Layered LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 11 of 17 Figure 12. Modified Peukert plots of LiFePO4 cathode materials as a function of the particle size: (a) Figure 12. Modified Peukert plots of LiFePO cathode materials as a function of the particle size: Figure 12. Modified Peukert plots of LiFePO4 c4athode materials as a function of the particle size: (a) energy grade and (b) power grade powders. (a) energy grade and (b) power grade powders. energy grade and (b) power grade powders. 2 A typical example describing the particle size effect is provided by the synthesis of LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 (NCO). Figure 13 shows the HRTEM images of NCO particles with different particle A typical example describing the particle size effect is provided by the synthesis of A typical example describing the particle size effect is provided by the synthesis of LiNi Co 0.55 0.45 O (NCO). Figure 13 shows the HRTEM images of NCO particles with different particle 2 LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 (NCO). Figure 13 shows the HRTEM images of NCO particles with different particle sizes: (a) nanometric particles, 100–150 nm average size, prepared by hydrothermal method and (b) sizes: (a) nanometric particles, 100–150 nm average size, prepared by hydrothermal method and sizes: (a) nanometric particles, 100–150 nm average size, prepared by hydrothermal method and (b) micron-sized material, 1.5–2.0 μm particle size, was prepared by a two-step co-precipitation (b) micron-sized material, 1.5–2.0 μm particle size, was prepared by a two-step co-precipitation micron-sized material, 1.5–2.0 μm particle size, was prepared by a two-step co-precipitation technique. The good crystallinity of powders is shown by the electron diffraction diagram (insert). technique. The good crystallinity of powders is shown by the electron diffraction diagram (insert). technique. The good crystallinity of powders is shown by the electron diffraction diagram (insert). The discharge capacity curves of the corresponding Li//LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 coin-type cells as a function of The discharge capacity curves of the corresponding Li//LiNi Co 0.55 0.45 O coin-type cells as a function 2 The discharge capacity curves of the corresponding Li//LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 coin-type cells as a function of C-rate are presented in Figure 14. An obvious difference in the electrochemical performance is of C-rate are presented in Figure 14. An obvious difference in the electrochemical performance is C-rate are presented in Figure 14. An obvious difference in the electrochemical performance is −1 evidenced. The Li cell with nanosized particles allows a specific capacity 150 mAh·g−1 for a 1C evidenced. The Li cell with nanosized particles allows a specific capacity 150 mAh·g −1 for a 1C evidenced. The Li cell with nanosized particles allows a specific capacity 150 mAh·g for a 1C discharge rate, which is twice the capacity of the cell with micro-sized particles. The excellent rate discharge rate, which is twice the capacity of the cell with micro-sized particles. The excellent discharge rate, which is twice the capacity of the cell with micro-sized particles. The excellent rate capability makes nano-LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 suitable electrode materials for high power application. rate capability makes nano-LiNi Co 0.55 O suitable electrode materials for high power application. 2 capability makes nano-LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 suitable electrode materials for high power application. 0.45 Remark that the architecture of the electrode material at the sub-micron scale (regular particle Remark that the architecture of the electrode material at the sub-micron scale (regular particle Remark that the architecture of the electrode material at the sub-micron scale (regular particle morphology, particle distribution, absence of agglomerates) favors the cycling life of battery and the morphology, particle distribution, absence of agglomerates) favors the cycling life of battery and morphology, particle distribution, absence of agglomerates) favors the cycling life of battery and the accommodation of volume changes caused by Li++ions insertion/extraction into/from the single the accommodation of volume changes caused by L+i ions insertion/extraction into/from the single accommodation of volume changes caused by Li ions insertion/extraction into/from the single particle due to faster stress relaxation. particle due to faster stress relaxation. particle due to faster stress relaxation. Figure 13. HRTEM images of LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 layered powders with different particle sizes: ca. Figure 13. HRTEM images of LiNi0.55Co0.45O2 layered powders with different particle sizes: ca. 1F0ig0–u1r5e01n3m. (Ha)RTanEdM1.i5m–a2g.0esμmof (Lbi)N. Ti heCgoodOcryslataylelirneidtypofwpdoewrsdewrsithis dshifofewrenntbypathrteicelelecstirzoens: 0.55 0.45 2 100–150 nm (a) and 1.5–2.0 μm (b). The good crystallinity of powders is shown by the electron dcaif.fr1a0c0t–io1n50dniamgr(aam)a(nindse1r.t5)–.2.0μm(b).Thegoodcrystallinityofpowdersisshownbytheelectron diffraction diagram (insert). diffraction diagram (insert).PDF Image | Nanotechnology of Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries
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