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Catalysts 2014, 4 300 A very general phenomenon related to gold samples is the extreme dependence of the catalytic activity on the size of the Au particles, which also implies that sintering is very crucial for the long-term stability of the catalysts. These features make Au very different from classical catalysts based on transition metals, such as Pt or Pd, which are also active as larger particles and even as macroscopic single crystals. The achievement of a small particles size is not always an easy task, because of the low melting point of gold as compared to that for Pd and Pt. Another relevant aspect that must be considered, looking at the application of gold catalysts, is that both the activity and stability of these systems strongly depend on the structure of the support, as well as on the specific interaction between the gold and the support, giving rise to a synergistic effect. The size, composition, electronic structure and facet structure of gold and reducible oxides are important factors in determining their catalytic performance. In particular, creating Au-reducible oxide interfaces leads to enhanced catalytic performance. For example, metal-oxide interfaces (e.g., Au-TiO2, Au-Fe3O4) have been found to enhance catalysis in CO oxidation [4]. The occurrence of a strong metal-support interaction through the formation of oxygen vacancies in reducible oxides, like TiO2 and CeO2, is unanimously recognized by the scientific community as one of the reasons for the enhanced activity [5,6]. Moreover, it should not be forgotten that TiO2 as a reducible oxide can form sub-stoichiometric and fully-stoichiometric defects on the surface that are good nucleation sites for gold nanoparticles [7]. 2. The Present Issue I am honored to be the Guest Editor for the second time of a thematic issue published in the Catalysts journal. I would like to thank especially Shu Kun Lin, President and Publisher, as well as Keith Hohn, Editor-in-Chief, and Mary Fan, Senior Assistant Editor. I am also grateful to Martyn Rittman, Production Editor, and to the entire staff of the Catalysts Editorial Office, who productively collaborated. Furthermore, I would like to thank all of the authors contributing their papers to this issue for their excellent work. It comprises three reviews and five research articles. As pointed out in the background, the meaning of this second issue is to underline the actual new trends in Gold Catalysts. With this aim, special attention has been paid to the various properties of gold nanoparticles, as well as to the most recent commercial and industrial applications, beyond the classical catalytic investigations. In the first review article by Homma, the catalysis by gold for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by chemical vapor deposition is discussed [8]. Interestingly, in spite of the low solubility of carbon in gold, nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm catalyze the synthesis of carbon tubular structures. Thanks to the inertness and high vapor pressure of gold, the diameter and chirality control of SWCNTs is achieved. The second review by Heddle covers aspects related to the manifold interactions between gold nanoparticles and biological molecules [9]. Gold nanoparticles are well known as catalysts in organic chemistry, but much is unknown regarding their potential as catalysts of reactions involving biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. This is a very complex field, which remains open to important potential discoveries.PDF Image | New Trends in Gold Catalysts
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