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Catalysts 2014, 4 302 The importance of the Au-support interaction in the stabilization of Au nanoparticles was addressed by Park and co-workers [17]. They presented a comparative study of various defects formed on TiO2 (110), such as sub-stoichiometric and stoichiometric defects. The role of such defects as nucleation sites for the initial adsorption of Au was demonstrated by using two different approaches: scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). Among intrinsic defects, oxygen vacancy has been the focus of intense investigations on the reduced surfaces of TiO2 [18,19]. It may be regarded as the simplest form of surface defect, created upon the loss of oxygen. However, a growing number of experiments have indicated that the presence of oxygen vacancy is not the only major characteristics of reduced TiO2 surfaces. Besides oxygen vacancy, the experimental and theoretical studies all point to the significance of Ti interstitials and their role in forming surface defects during re-oxidation [7]. These defects can influence surface chemical reactivity with their distinct bonding geometry, local electronic structures and charge re-distribution at various sites around the defects. For gold chemisorption, bonding of Au is greatly enhanced at the sub-stoichiometric strand defect by electron transfer to Au and the formation of anionic Auδ−. These findings highlight the importance of surface restructuring driven by Ti interstitials and locally-modified chemical reactivity. Another important aspect, which, in my opinion, should deserve further research studies, concerns the optical properties and optical sensing applications of gold nanostars. An important example is herein reported by Chirea [20]. Gold nanostars are multibranched nanoparticles with multiple plasmon resonances, of which the lower energy ones, corresponding to the nanostar tips and core-tip interactions, are the most sensitive to environmental changes [21,22]. The electrocatalytic properties of gold nanostars could be also strongly influenced by their sensitivity to environmental changes. Their unusual shape could bring different contributions to the electron transfer processes, due to different sizes existent in their structure. In the present work, Chirea demonstrated that gold nanostars (AuNS) of a 70-nm tip-to-tip distance could be excellent electrocatalysts, if covalently self-assembled as dense layers on 1,5-pentanedithiol-modified electrodes. These findings make them great candidates for the fabrication of energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors or biosensors. In conclusion, I personally feel that the present issue “New Trends in Gold Catalysts” is of great interest and relevance, as it covers all of the new aspects of gold catalysis, from those typical of environmental catalysis to new applications in biology, for sensors and electro-catalysis. References 1. Haruta, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Yamada, H.S.N. Novel gold catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at a temperature far below 0 °C. Chem. Lett. 1987, 2, 405–408. 2. Bond, G.C.; Louis, C.; Thompson, D.T. Catalysis by Gold; Imperial College Press: London, UK, 2006. 3. Lin, C.H.; Lin, S.D.; Lee, J.F. Chlorine residue in the Au/gamma-Al2O3 prepared by AuCl3 Impregnation. An EXAFS analysis. Catal. Lett. 2003, 89, 235–242. 4. Haruta, M. Catalysis of Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Metal Oxides. CATTECH 2002, 6, 102–115. 5. Goodman, D.W. “Catalytically active Au on Titania”: Yet another example of strong metal support interaction (SMSI)? Catal. Lett. 2005, 99, 1–4.PDF Image | New Trends in Gold Catalysts
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