PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 054
Putting CO2 to Use: Creating Value from Emissions Technical analysis certain polycarbonates may be even 15% to 30% cheaper than fossil-based counterparts, provided that the CO2 is considerably cheaper than the petroleum-based feedstock it replaces, which can be the case for polyurethanes (Alberici et al., 2017). In some instances, existing polymer plants can be used with minimal retrofits, but this depends on the specific type of process and polycarbonates produced. Several companies have already announced that they have reached the commercialisation phase (Box 8). Production costs will, however, depend on the specific application of the polycarbonate and the market price of the final product in which it is used. Apart from fossil feedstock, CO2-derived chemicals will also have to compete with other low-carbon products in the future, such as bio-based chemicals. Box 8. Commercial production of polycarbonates from CO2 A number of companies developing CO2-derived polycarbonates announced they have reached the commercialisation phase. Large-scale plants have been built, or are under construction, in various locations around the world. Chimei Asai, a joint venture of Asahi Kasei Chemicals and Chi Mei Corp, has been operating a polycarbonate plant in Chinese Taipei since 2002. It produces 150 000 tonnes per year and was the first commercial plant to announce that it had succeeded in producing polycarbonates using CO2 as a starting material. Reported emissions reductions are 0.173 tCO2 per tonne polycarbonate product compared to the conventional pathway (Fukuoka et al. 2007). In 2016, Covestro commissioned a commercial plant producing 5 000 tonnes of polycarbonates per year at Dormagen, Germany. Once in operation, the facility will use CO2 to substitute a portion of the fossil feedstock normally fed into the production process, resulting in a CO2 content of around 20% by weight in the final product. The product will be used as a feedstock for the production of foams for mattresses and furniture (Covestro, 2018). Savings in life-cycle GHG emissions were estimated to be around 15% relative to the conventional production process (von der Assen, 2015). The company Novomer, purchased by Saudi Aramco in 2016, is due to start a commercial production facility with a capacity of 50-100 kt/yr of CO2-derived polycarbonate in 2019 in Texas, United States. The company produces polymers that contain up to 50% CO2, which can be used in several industrial applications, such as coatings and foams (Alberici et al., 2017). Can CO2-derived chemicals deliver climate benefits? The CO2 used for the production of chemicals is eventually released back into the atmosphere at the end of the lifetime of the material. As a result, potential climate benefits will come from the displacement of conventionally-produced chemicals with higher life-cycle emissions. In a best case scenario, assuming the use of low-carbon energy and zero energy requirements for CO2 capture and purification, GHG emissions reductions of 0.5 to 1.0 tonne CO2-eq per tonne methanol are possible, which equate to a 74% to 93% reduction as compared to the conventional production route (see previous section). PAGE | 53 IEA. All rights reserved.PDF Image | Putting CO2 to Use Creating value from emissions
PDF Search Title:
Putting CO2 to Use Creating value from emissionsOriginal File Name Searched:
putting_co2_to_use.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |