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Putting CO2 to Use: Creating Value from Emissions Technical analysis purified CO2, this technology may allow for the use of less pure forms of CO2, which could further enhance the commercial viability of concrete from CO2 curing (Alberici et al., 2017). Several firms are pursuing commercially opportunities for CO2-cured concrete or novel cement technologies (Box 9). Box 9. Commercialisation of CO2-derived cement and concrete Two North-American companies are leading the development and marketing of CO2-derived concrete. Founded in 2007, Canadian company CarbonCure has developed a commercial CO2 curing process that can be retrofitted to conventional “ready-mix” concrete plants. The process allows for the use of existing equipment and has little impact on the manufacturing conditions. In mid-2018, the CarbonCure process had already been adopted in 25 masonries and 54 ready-mix installations, with at least 15 more being retrofitted at the time, mainly in North America (CarbonCure, 2018). More recently, CarbonCure’s technology is available in nearly 150 concrete plants (Edelstein, 2019). CarbonCure claims that their product has better compressive strength and is more cost-effective than concrete from Portland cement. The CarbonCure process was primarily developed to create a high-value product with improved performance and lower costs rather than because of its low- carbon attributes. The company expects its main revenues to come from product sales and not from a carbon credit scheme or carbon tax, which indicates the difference in value proposition compared to many other CO2-derived products. Nevertheless, the company claims that for every tonne of CO2 used in CarbonCure concrete, around 254 tonnes of CO2 can be avoided, mainly because less cement is needed per m3 of CO2-cured concrete compared to conventionally produced concrete (CarbonCure, 2018). Furthermore, they estimate that CarbonCure “ready-mix” concrete technologies have the potential to provide a 500-700 MtCO2 per year impact by 2050. The US-based company Solidia Technologies is developing both specialised cement-making that binds with more CO2 (Solidia CementTM) and CO2-based concrete curing (Solidia ConcreteTM, made using Solidia CementTM) for making high-strength, pre-cast concrete materials. In contrast to the CarbonCure process, Solidia CementTM must be cured in a sealed environment. Currently in commercialisation, Solidia reports lower costs, shorter curing times and improved product performance, while reducing the carbon footprint and water use by up to 70% and 80%, respectively. Several pre-cast customers in North America and Europe have been commercially testing the cement and curing process in the production of blocks, roof tiles and pavers. According to Solidia, the company’s demand for CO2 will more than double that of the existing CO2 market within five years (Solidia, 2019). While the curing process is readily deployable, the commercial adoption of Solidia CementTM could take longer as product standards and building codes need to be updated. PAGE | 57 IEA. All rights reserved.PDF Image | Putting CO2 to Use Creating value from emissions
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