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Renewable Methanol Report Hybrid bio-methanol uses a combination of the two methods, combining biogenic syngas with hydrogen from electrolysis. Feedstocks Renewable methanol can be produced from a wide range of renewable feedstocks available worldwide. This section considers the availability of five main sources of feedstocks: municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural waste, forestry residues, carbon dioxide (CO2) and renewable hydrogen. These are some of the largest sources but not the only ones. Agricultural Waste Agricultural activity yields a great deal of biomass that can be converted into bio-methanol without interfering with food prices or availability or encroaching on agricultural land. It has been estimated that around 998 million metric tons of agricultural waste is produced every year4. In Europe, estimates say that up to 132.4 million metric tons of dry agricultural residues could be collected from the EU-27 states, with the potential to generate 639 TWh of energy5. The DOE Billion Ton Report (2016) estimates that there will be 94.1 dry tons of forest biomass available by 2020 in the USA, assuming a cost of USD 60 per dry ton to roadside6. Forestry Residues A large amount of residual biomass, such as leaves, branches, needles and woodchip, is produced in the process of harvesting trees. These by-products can be used as a feedstock for producing biochemicals such as renewable methanol. Forestry biomass resources have been estimated at around 140 million metric tons in the USA7. In the European Union, it has been estimated that total forest biomass amounts to 716 million m3 annually8. Swedish company Södra is building a plant that will produce bio-methanol from the raw methanol resulting from their pulp mill manufacturing. The company claims this is part of a sustainable circular process that uses all parts of forest raw materials to the best possible effect. Once completed, the plant will produce 5,000 metric tons of bio-methanol every year. According to Södra, their bio-methanol reduces CO emissions by 99% compared to fossil fuels9. 2 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Using MSW to produce renewable methanol creates value from unrecyclable garbage and relieves pressure on landfill sites. 4 OBI, UGWUISHIWU and NWAKAIRE: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njt/article/viewFile/145674/135199 5 In the original study different units were used, amount of residues: 146,000 kt/year, potential energy: 2,300 PJ/year. Source: MONFORTI, LUGATO, MOTOLA, BODIS, SCARLAT, DALLEMAND https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114010855 6 US Department of Energy (DOE): See page 39. https://bioenergykdf.net/sites/default/files/BillionTonDownloads/BillionTon_Report_2016_ Chapter3.pdf 7 HAN, CHUNG, WELLS AND ANDERSON: https://doi.org/10.3390/f9030121 8 ANTTILA, Pertu and ASIKAINEN, Antti: http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2014/mwp289-4.pdf 9 SÖDRA: https://www.sodra.com/en/about-sodra/press/press-releases/2658273/ www.methanol.org 10 Using MSW to produce renewable methanol creates value from unrecyclable garbage and relieves pressure on landfill sites.PDF Image | Renewable Methanol Report
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