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Renewable Methanol Report Instead of being wastefully curtailed, , renewable electricity could be harnessed to generate renewable methanol, which could in turn be used to generate clean power or as a renewable fuel for cars and ships. Every year 1.3 billion metric tons of MSW are produced globally and this is expected to increase to 2.2 billion metric tons by 2025.10 Managing such volumes of waste poses great challenges for municipalities and governments. Two thirds of MSW are either dumped in landfills or incinerated. A significant portion of this waste could be diverted towards producing sustainable chemicals, including renewable methanol. Biochemical company Enerkem estimates that up to 420 million metric tons of unrecyclable waste could be turned into biochemicals, using their technology11. Enerkem is building a plant in Rotterdam which will turn 350,000 metric tons of waste, including plastic matter, into 270 million liters of bio- methanol every year12. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Around 32.5 billion metric tons of CO were released into the atmosphere in 2017 alone13, rising 1.4% 2 from 2016. This rise is the equivalent of having 170 million new cars on the roads. With current technology, it is possible to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and from industrial exhaust streams. Power plants, steel and cement factories, and distilleries, among others, produce carbon dioxide that could be used as a source to produce methanol. Carbon Recycling International takes 5,600 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year which is reacted with renewable hydrogen to synthesize 4,000 metric tons of renewable methanol (see CRI case study.) Renewable hydrogen: harnessing renewable energy for electrolysis As shown in Figure 1, renewable electricity is used to obtain hydrogen from water by electrolysis. In recent years, solar PV, hydro and wind have grown to account for a significant part of the energy mix in many parts of the world. These resources provide clean and affordable electricity, but maximum electric yield might not match peak demand. A wind power plant might peak at 3 am, when the wind blows strongly but there is little need for electricity. In this case, supply could outstrip demand and threaten to overload the electric grid. When this happens, the transmission system operator (TSO) tends to disconnect the renewable resource to safeguard the integrity of the grid. As a result, renewable energy is wasted. In the energy industry, this is known as curtailment. Curtailment costs can escalate. TenneT, a TSO, paid close to 1 billion euros in 2017 to wind energy 10 World Bank: Urban Development Series – Knowledge Papers, Chapter 3 Waste Generation 2016 https://siteresources.worldbank.org/ INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1334852610766/Chap3.pdf (Last Accessed on 12 Sept 2018) 11 Enerkem Inc: https://enerkem.com/waste-diversion/waste-challenge/ 12 METHA, Angeli: https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/outline-for-europes-first-waste-to-methanol-plant/3008729.article 13 International Energy Agency: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/GECO2017.pdf www.methanol.org 11PDF Image | Renewable Methanol Report
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