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200 Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions Figure 4.10 The flowchart depicts the various computational steps involved in most reaction stoichiometry calculations. Chemistry in Everyday Life Airbags Airbags (Figure 4.11) are a safety feature provided in most automobiles since the 1990s. The effective operation of an airbag requires that it be rapidly inflated with an appropriate amount (volume) of gas when the vehicle is involved in a collision. This requirement is satisfied in many automotive airbag systems through use of explosive chemical reactions, one common choice being the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3. When sensors in the vehicle detect a collision, an electrical current is passed through a carefully measured amount of NaN3 to initiate its decomposition: 2NaN3(s) ⟶ 3N2(g) + 2Na(s) This reaction is very rapid, generating gaseous nitrogen that can deploy and fully inflate a typical airbag in a fraction of a second (~0.03–0.1 s). Among many engineering considerations, the amount of sodium azide used must be appropriate for generating enough nitrogen gas to fully inflate the air bag and ensure its proper function. For example, a small mass (~100 g) of NaN3 will generate approximately 50 L of N2. This content is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11760/1.9PDF Image | Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
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