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Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

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Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions ( stoichiometry-chemical-reactions )

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Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 209 The molar amount of HCl is calculated to be: 35.23 mL NaOH × 1 L × 0.250 mol NaOH × 1 mol HCl = 8.81 × 10−3 mol HCl 1000 mL 1 L 1 mol NaOH Using the provided volume of HCl solution and the definition of molarity, the HCl concentration is: M = mol HCl L solution M = 8.81 × 10−3 mol HCl 50.00 mL × 1 L 1000 mL M = 0.176 M Note: For these types of titration calculations, it is convenient to recognize that solution molarity is also equal to the number of millimoles of solute per milliliter of solution: 103 mmol M = mol solute × mol = mmol solute L solution 103 mL mL solution L Using this version of the molarity unit will shorten the calculation by eliminating two conversion factors: 35.23 mL NaOH × 0.250 mmol NaOH × 1 mmol HCl mL NaOH 1 mmol NaOH = 0.176 M HCl Check Your Learning A 20.00-mL sample of aqueous oxalic acid, H2C2O4, was titrated with a 0.09113-M solution of potassium permanganate. 2MnO4 −(aq) + 5H2 C2 O4(aq) + 6H+(aq) ⟶ 10CO2(g) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2 O(l) A volume of 23.24 mL was required to reach the end point. What is the oxalic acid molarity? Answer: 0.2648 M 50.00 mL solution Gravimetric Analysis A gravimetric analysis is one in which a sample is subjected to some treatment that causes a change in the physical state of the analyte that permits its separation from the other components of the sample. Mass measurements of the sample, the isolated analyte, or some other component of the analysis system, used along with the known stoichiometry of the compounds involved, permit calculation of the analyte concentration. Gravimetric methods were the first techniques used for quantitative chemical analysis, and they remain important tools in the modern chemistry laboratory.

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