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Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 217 Exercises 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 1. What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be balanced? 2. Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. (a) What is the difference between these types of equations? (b) In what circumstance would the complete and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical? 3. Balance the following equations: (a) PCl5(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ POCl3(l) + HCl(aq) (b) Cu(s) + HNO3(aq) ⟶ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2 O(l) + NO(g) (c) H2(g) + I2(s) ⟶ HI(s) (d) Fe(s) + O2(g) ⟶ Fe2 O3(s) (e) Na(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ NaOH(aq) + H2(g) (f) (NH4)2 Cr2 O7(s) ⟶ Cr2 O3(s) + N2(g) + H2 O(g) (g) P4(s) + Cl2(g) ⟶ PCl3(l) (h) PtCl4(s) ⟶ Pt(s) + Cl2(g) 4. Balance the following equations: (a) Ag(s)+H2S(g)+O2(g)⟶Ag2S(s)+H2O(l) (b) P4(s) + O2(g) ⟶ P4 O10(s) (c) Pb(s) + H2 O(l) + O2(g) ⟶ Pb(OH)2(s) (d) Fe(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ Fe3 O4(s) + H2(g) (e) Sc2 O3(s) + SO3(l) ⟶ Sc2(SO4)3(s) (f) Ca3(PO4)2(aq) + H3 PO4(aq) ⟶ Ca(H2 PO4)2(aq) (g) Al(s) + H2 SO4(aq) ⟶ Al2(SO4)3(s) + H2(g) (h) TiCl4(s) + H2 O(g) ⟶ TiO2(s) + HCl(g) 5. Write a balanced molecular equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (a) Solid calcium carbonate is heated and decomposes to solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. (b) Gaseous butane, C4H10, reacts with diatomic oxygen gas to yield gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. (c) Aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous sodium chloride. (d) Water vapor reacts with sodium metal to produce solid sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. 6. Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. (b) Solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al2I6.PDF Image | Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
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