Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

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Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions ( stoichiometry-chemical-reactions )

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Chapter 4 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 221 23. Complete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms. (a) Al(s) + F2(g) ⟶ (b) Al(s) + CuBr2(aq) ⟶ (single displacement) (c) P4(s) + O2(g) ⟶ (d) Ca(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ (products are a strong base and a diatomic gas) 24. Complete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms. (a) K(s) + H2 O(l) ⟶ (b) Ba(s) + HBr(aq) ⟶ (c) Sn(s) + I2(s) ⟶ 25. Complete and balance the equations for the following acid-base neutralization reactions. If water is used as a solvent, write the reactants and products as aqueous ions. In some cases, there may be more than one correct answer, depending on the amounts of reactants used. (a) Mg(OH)2(s) + HClO4(aq) ⟶ (b) SO3(g) + H2 O(l) ⟶ (assume an excess of water and that the product dissolves) (c) SrO(s) + H2 SO4(l) ⟶ 26. When heated to 700–800 °C, diamonds, which are pure carbon, are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. (They burn!) Write the balanced equation for this reaction. 27. The military has experimented with lasers that produce very intense light when fluorine combines explosively with hydrogen. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? 28. Write the molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for the following reactions: (a) Ca(OH)2(aq) + HC2 H3 O2(aq) ⟶ (b) H3 PO4(aq) + CaCl2(aq) ⟶ 29. Great Lakes Chemical Company produces bromine, Br2, from bromide salts such as NaBr, in Arkansas brine by treating the brine with chlorine gas. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of NaBr with Cl2. 30. In a common experiment in the general chemistry laboratory, magnesium metal is heated in air to produce MgO. MgO is a white solid, but in these experiments it often looks gray, due to small amounts of Mg3N2, a compound formed as some of the magnesium reacts with nitrogen. Write a balanced equation for each reaction. 31. Lithium hydroxide may be used to absorb carbon dioxide in enclosed environments, such as manned spacecraft and submarines. Write an equation for the reaction that involves 2 mol of LiOH per 1 mol of CO2. (Hint: Water is one of the products.) 32. Calcium propionate is sometimes added to bread to retard spoilage. This compound can be prepared by the reaction of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, with propionic acid, C2H5CO2H, which has properties similar to those of acetic acid. Write the balanced equation for the formation of calcium propionate. 33. Complete and balance the equations of the following reactions, each of which could be used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas: (a) Ca(OH)2(s) + H2 S(g) ⟶

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