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are considered for CO2 and N2 reduction as a well as downstream processes to form fuels and chemicals. All types of catalysis, including heterogeneous, homogeneous, and bio-catalytic pro- cesses, are considered. The potential for data-driven approaches and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to accelerate catalyst discovery is also explored. Having considered the technological challenges of these key reactions, challenges associated with the scale-up and integration of new processes are examined. Finally, the role of society in the transition to sustainability with regard to the economy and industry is considered. In many Sections, concrete goals and objectives are suggested in areas the authors believe are ripe for development and potentially even demonstrator-scale deployment. Importantly, many Sections identify common cross-cutting goals as being key to the further de- velopment of the Section’s respective technologies and chemistries. These cross-cutting goals are related to developments in: (i) in situ and operando characterization techniques, (ii) theory tools for modeling realistic catalysts, (iii) multiscale modeling, and (iv) new reactor concepts, especially related to intermittent and decentralized operation. In the following Overview Section, we offer a brief introduction to each Section and its relevance to sustainable fuels and chemicals. References 1J. Kibsgaard, P. C. Vesborg, I. Chorkendorff, T. F. Jaramillo, J. K. Norskov, P. G. Moses, and J. Sehested, “Power to fuels and chemicals innovation challenge”, in Accelerating the clean energy revolution - per- spectives on innovation challenges, DTU International Energy Report (Technical University of Denmark, 2018), pp. 73–80. 2Levelized cost of energy analysis 1.0, https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of- energy-analysis-100/, Accessed: 2019-07-03. 3EU Energy in Figures (Directorate-General for Energy, European Commission, 2017). 4Technology study: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry, https://dechema. de / dechema _ media / Technology _ study _ Low _ carbon _ energy _ and _ feedstock _ for _ the _ European _ chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf, Accessed: 2019-07-03. 5R. Schl ̈ogl, C. Abanades, M. Aresta, A. Azapagic, E. A. Blekkan, T. Cantat, G. Centi, N. Duic, A. El Khamlichi, G. Hutchings, M. Mazzotti, U. Olsbye, and H. Mikulcic, Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies: Research and climate aspects, Science Advance for Policy by European Academies, SAPEA, ISBN 978-3-9819415-5-5 (2018) 10.26356/carboncapture. 6J. Artz, T. E. Mu ̈ller, K. Thenert, J. Kleinekorte, R. Meys, A. Sternberg, A. Bardow, and W. Leitner, “Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide: an integrated review of catalysis and life cycle assessment”, Chemical Reviews, 118, 434–504 (2017). 7Z. W. Seh, J. Kibsgaard, C. F. Dickens, I. Chorkendorff, J. K. Nørskov, and T. F. Jaramillo, “Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design”, Science, 355, eaad4998 (2017). 8A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0112:FIN:EN:PDF, Accessed: 2019-07-03. 4PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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