PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 059
Section 5 Sustainable N2 reduction Anders Nilsson (Stockholm University) Ifan Stephens (Imperial College London) 5.1 Importance of subject Currently, ammonia synthesis is based on the Haber-Bosch process N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3. By pro- viding nitrogenous fertilizers for agriculture, its invention resolved what was the most important challenge at the turn of the 20th century: the prevention of mass starvation [1]. Despite the hugely positive impact of the Haber-Bosch process, it also comes with significant disadvantages in its current implementation. Industrially, the reaction is run with pressures above 150 bar and temper- atures above 400 ◦C, thus requiring large, centralized infrastructure. Moreover, the excessive use of nitrogenous compounds saturates soils and leads to substantial run-off into rivers and aquifers, leading to eutrophication and low water quality. Most importantly in the context of sustainable fuel and chemical production, the Haber-Bosch process consumes a colossal >1% of the global fossil fuel production [2], due to its use of methane derived H2 as a feedstock. For the 21st century, we need a more sustainable solution [3]. Ideally, a sustainable N2 reduction process would take place at low pressures and temper- atures, allowing for ammonia to be produced locally at the point-of-consumption. The reaction would rely exclusively on renewable electricity and feedstocks, eliminating the need for fossil fuels. Besides its importance as a fertilizer, sustainably produced ammonia is also a highly attrac- tive energy vector thanks to mature technology that allows it to be stored safely and reversibly at high density in benign, low-cost metal halide salts [4]. In this Section, we will explore two distinct routes to sustainable nitrogen reduction: • Modify the conventional Haber-Bosch process to operate at milder conditions (pressures of 20 to 40 bar) using a sustainably produced hydrogen feedstock from water electrolysis (see Section 1) 49PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
PDF Search Title:
sustainable production of fuels and chemicalsOriginal File Name Searched:
Energy_X_Research-needs-report.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)