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sustainable production of fuels and chemicals

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sustainable production of fuels and chemicals ( sustainable-production-fuels-and-chemicals )

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• Development and optimization of synthetic biology tools for the strains of interest with a particular focus on phototrophs • Engineering robust host strains and production processes, with efficient CO2 capture from the atmosphere and industrial sources to achieve a low (or neutral) carbon footprint. >10-year goals: • Developing life cycle assessments (LCA), techno-economic assessments (TEA), and social impact assessments (SIA) for specific processes of fuel and chemicals production. • Development of large-scale demonstration plants to produce renewable, value-added commod- ity and bulk chemicals from photosynthetic cells and components. 7.5 Conclusions The preceding discussion has highlighted a range of excellent opportunities for the production of solar chemicals and fuels from biological and bioinspired devices and catalysts. Automatized syn- thetic biology toolboxes are currently becoming available at the advanced level for heterotrophic (non-photosynthetic) microorganism systems (bacteria and fungi), and radical progress in the de- velopment of synthetic biology tools for photosynthetic microorganisms is underway, opening great prospects for realization of algal/cyanobacterial-based direct production of renewable and sustain- able chemicals that are otherwise inaccessible. Today, several of the presented technologies are within reach, with several having already been developed in demonstrator projects. However, fur- ther research in real time enzymatic processes, systems engineering of bio-inspired catalysis, and synthetic biology is urgently needed for the sustainable production of solar fuels and chemicals from biological and bioinspired systems to become a reality. References 1R. Purchase and H. De Groot, “Biosolar cells: global artificial photosynthesis needs responsive matrices with quantum coherent kinetic control for high yield”, Interface Focus, 5, 20150014 (2015). 2V. Krewald, M. Retegan, N. Cox, J. Messinger, W. Lubitz, S. DeBeer, F. Neese, and D. A. Pantazis, “Metal oxidation states in biological water splitting”, Chemical Science, 6, 1676–1695 (2015). 3L. C. Seefeldt, B. M. Hoffman, J. W. Peters, S. Raugei, D. N. Beratan, E. Antony, and D. R. Dean, “Energy transduction in nitrogenase”, Accounts of Chemical Research, 51, 2179–2186 (2018). 4M. Can, F. A. Armstrong, and S. W. Ragsdale, “Structure, function, and mechanism of the nickel metal- loenzymes, CO dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA synthase”, Chemical Reviews, 114, 4149–4174 (2014). 77

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