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Section 9 Scale-up of electrochemical processes Poul Georg Moses (Haldor Topsøe) Moritz Schreiber (Total) 9.1 Importance of subject Scaling up electrochemical processes is an essential premise for the production of sustainable fuels and chemicals in a defossilized society. Electrochemical processes enable the conversion and storage of intermittent renewable electricity (from e.g. solar, wind) into the same variety of chemicals and fuels needed and used by our society today. Historically, thermochemical processes have been economically favorable compared to their electrochemical counterparts for most products. Hence, the latter have only been developed to scale for products not easily obtained by the former (e.g. chlor-alkali process for Cl2 production). Therefore, electrochemical processes for most products are not yet developed and implemented at a scale that can sustain the global need for chemicals and fuels. The time horizon of conventional process scale-up from the laboratory, i.e. technology readiness level (TRL) 1, to industrial deployment, i.e. TRL 9, in the chemical and fuel industry (typically 20+ years) is too long to meet EU goals for the transition away from fossil resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to accelerate the scale-up process of important electrochemical processes (e.g. those investigated in Sections 1, 2, and 5) and their integration with established chemical processes up- and downstream (e.g. those investigated in Sections 3, 4, and 5). This Section outlines the requirements and related recommendations to achieve this. 9.2 State of the art and scientific challenges An integral part of innovation is the evaluation of technical, economic, and social feasibility, which must be performed at every stage of the scale-up from TRL 1 (observation of basic working princi- ples) to TRL 9 (competitive manufacturing in operational environment). The state of the art for 91PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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