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Section 11 The Role of Industry Gaetano Iaquaniello (KT/Nextchem) Klaas Jan Schouten (Avantium) 11.1 Importance of subject In 2017, industry was responsible for 22 percent of global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions [1]. Lowering these emissions will be crucial to reach the goal set under the Paris Agreement of a net 80 to 95 percent reduction by 2050. Technologies developed to meet this goal should also contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals put forward by the United Nations [2], such as ending poverty, ending hunger, providing clean and affordable energy to everyone, promoting sustainable industrialization, fostering innovation, and building resilient infrastructure. In response to these needs, there is increasing evidence of an irreversible, rapid transition to energy production via renewable energy sources (RES) (the so-called “energy transition”) and great interest in the progressive substitution of fossil carbon with renewable carbon feedstocks, such as biomass, CO2, and recycled carbon (the so-called “feedstock transition”). There is a common consensus in industry that electrons will be the dominant energy carriers in such an RES-driven system, and that they will also play an important role as clean oxida- tion/reduction reagents in the production of chemicals, fuels and fertilizers. It may be said that “electrons are the new oil.” The development and implementation of new technologies based on RES will enable Europe’s industry to take steps toward defossilization and comply with climate change policies. Furthermore, these new technologies have to be scaled up and commercialized, which will create “green” jobs in Europe. However, it is also important to note in this context that the production of chemicals, fuels, and fertilizers is a global commoditized market, rendering Europe prone to carbon leakage. It is of the utmost importance that carbon leakage be avoided and that RES technology development and commercialization stay in Europe. 110PDF Image | sustainable production of fuels and chemicals
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