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Using Waste Carbon Feedstocks to Produce Chemicals CO2 emissions—are likely to be available for use by 2030.153 Although estimates are not available of the potential number of projects that may become viable, the timeframe of commercial development of the projects, or the value of products derived from the CO2 emissions, the sampling of projects listed in Table 1 reflects the interest of manufacturing firms, particularly those in the steel and chemical sectors, in CCU projects. On a sectoral basis, chemical producers using waste carbon as a feedstock instead of fossil-fuel based feedstocks are said to be less subject to the volatility in price and supply of fossil-fuel feedstocks.154 They also appear to be able to derive a competitive advantage in regard to the pricing of many of the products produced from the waste carbon feedstocks and, to the extent that they are partners in JVs with industrial emitters, they may also be able to increase market share and/or market coverage. Moreover, use of the waste carbon feedstocks is likely to allow them to respond to carbon pricing programs and renewable energy mandates. Steel companies that can gain revenues from byproduct sales derived from their industrial emissions and offset emissions taxes and/or reduce other obligations under new mandates may be able to avoid reducing production in an increasingly competitive and oversupplied global market for steel with thin profit margins. Steel industries that adopt these sustainable technologies might be able to better survive oversupply conditions, carbon pricing programs, and renewable energy mandates than those that do not. In closing, early adopters of these technologies could gain world market shares and increase export flows, potentially edging out industries worldwide that focus on them later.155 Industrial organization economists note that any cost reduction due to improved technology will lead to a price reduction— and, therefore, more competitive performance—regardless of market structure (i.e., whether the market is perfectly competitive, monopolized, or somewhere in between).156 153 CO2 Sciences and The Global CO2 Initiative, “Global Roadmap for Implementing CO2 Utilization,” November 2016. 154 Elser and Ulbrich, “Taking the European Chemical Industry into the Circular Economy,” Executive Summary, 2017, 7. 155 CO2 Reuse Summit, “European Commission’s ETS Innovation Fund,” Latest News, February 28, 2019. 156 Waldman and Jensen, Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice, 5th ed. 2019,480–486. United States International Trade Commission | 29PDF Image | Using Waste Carbon Feedstocks to Produce Chemicals
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