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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY 16 Most refrigerants reject heat to the air through condensation at typical ambient temperatures; carbon dioxide operates at transcritical conditions. CO2 evaporates in the subcritical region and rejects its heat at temperatures above its critical point in a gas cooler and not a condenser as conventional fluids (Bullard, 2004-5). Figure 2.3 shows the position of the critical point on a P-h diagram. 60.0 JOD 40.0 lOD -_... 10.0 9.0 6.0 SD 4.0 3D Solid phase Figure 2.3: Critical point illustrated on carbon dioxide P-h diagram (Rasmussen, 2003). Critical point 2DL-----x_~D.~IO~~O~~~O~~~O'-AO~~O~·~~~Q~~0~~o.rr~~~o~.ao~~o~~o~~ S".0'.55 OM 0.75 o..as 0.95 1.DS LlS 125 1.3.5 1.45 1.55 1£5 1.7,5 1a5 1.9.5 2.OS :,U5 IilI 1lO loti 1:J1l 14) 100 lllO 200 2211 240 200 2m 31l1l 3:l1l 31JJ 3.10 3&0 400 42ll 441 46!l E.ntllolpy[kl~ 4X(I SlID $1lJ 5 . ( ) S!o $l!Cl When the CO2 system is operating above its critical point, the cycle takes on an additional degree of freedom relative to subcritical systems - which means the decoupling of the usual relationship between the normal pressure and temperature of conventional systems (Sienel, 2006). There are a few ways of controlling the operating pressure to give the acquired temperature gradient. Table 2.2 shows some selected physical properties for Carbon Dioxide (Freund, s.a.). A Techno-Economical Analysis ofa CO2 Heat Pump. School of Mechanical Engineering, North-West University ~. (p = 73.7 bar, T= 31.1 0c)PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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