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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY 19 the pressure is reduced the liquid flashes to gas and ice. If the temperature is reduced the liquid will freeze. If the temperature is increased the liquid boils and forms a gas (ANON (a), s.a.). Its reduced pressure at O°C is at 4.7 bar which is much higher than for conventional refrigerants. Because of its high reduced pressure and its low critical point, sub-critical operation will be much closer to the critical point than for conventional systems (Kim et a/., 2003). Carbon dioxide dissolves readily in most liquids. The higher the pressure the more CO2 will dissolve in a certain liquid. When dissolved in water, carbonic acid (H2C03) will form which is quite weak and unstable and will tend to revert back to CO2 and H20. CO2 is about 53% heavier than air and would settle on the ground if released freely, (ANON (a), s.a.). Figure 2.5: Comparison of the P-h diagrams for R-134a and CO2 (Stene, 2007). 31.1°C, 7.38 MPa ro 10+ ------------------------l---'- criticalpoint 0.. 101.1·C, 4.07 MPa 6 ~4 ::J en en 0.4 0.1 critical point ~ 2 0.. 1 +------;--,~---_f.----~--------~_7~ 40°C triple point A Techno-Economical Analysis of a CO2 Heat Pump. School of Mechanical Engineering, North-West University HFC-134a -56.6·C 0.518 MPa triple point I aoc Carbon dioxide (C02) -- , ... "\ "\ \ \ \ \\ \\ \\ \ '. Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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