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2: LITERATURE STUDY Figure 2.22: A subcritical cycle using R-22 as refrigerant (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). Conventional refrigerants have been chosen or designed to be condensed with an available medium such as air or water. This requires that their critical temperature must be above the temperature of the cooling medium. The critical temperature of R 22 is 96.2°C, which means that the available medium that will not go above 40°C, like the ambient air temperatures, will condense the R-22 at a"temperature of about 55°C (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). Therefore it could be seen that heat pumps using conventional refrigerants such as R-22 will operate with a condensing pressure that depends only on the cooling medium conditions and on the refrigerant charge. The pressure at which the refrigerant will condense is much lower than the refrigerant critical pressure. refrigerant flow rate is controlled by an expansion device in order to avoid the carry on of liquid droplets to the compressor (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). 2.5.4.2 Transcritical Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating In direct expansion vapour compression systems, CO2 could be used as a refrigerant in its subcritical state if the medium temperature to be used is less than 20°C. Thus if the medium to be used is above 20°C, CO2 will be used in its transcritical state. It is also found that a system that is working in its transcritical state can work just as A Techno-Economical Analysis of a CO2 Heat Pump. School ofMechanical Engineering, North-West UniversityPDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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