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CHAPTER 2: LITERA TURE STIJDY 45 conditions most of or even all of the heat rejection from the refrigerant takes place by cooling the compressed gas, therefore the heat exchanger is known as a gas cooler. Having a proper gas cooler the refrigerant can be cooled to a few degrees above the entering coolant temperature, contributing to a high COP of the system (Neksa et al., 1998). Figure 2.29: T-s diagram, including a diagram of a transcritical heat pump system commonly used for water heating (Neksa et a/., 1998). 120 4Q 20 o 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Entropy [kJ/kg KJ According to Neksa (2002), the first CO2 systems on the market were heat pump systems for water heating because of the favourable thermodynamic properties. Figure 2.29 shows a Temperature-Entropy diagram for a CO2 heat pump system. Studies relating to CO2 heat pump water heaters have been initiated in the early eighties by SINTEF/NTNU and a first full scale 50kW lab prototype heat pump water heater was built in 1996 (Neksa, 2002). Results attained from the prototype showed that a COP of above 4 was achievable even for a hot water outlet temperature of above 60°C. These results are shown in Figure 2.30. It was noted that water temperatures of up to 90°C and higher are achievable with a CO2 heat pump water A Techno-Economical Analysis of a CO2 Heat Pump. School of Mechanical Engineering, North-West University 3 4.0 4,2PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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