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temperature (~135°F). This may have caused the boilers to only provide shorter than needed operation, because the signal to ON and signal to OFF were approximately the same. The set-point was reduced back to 120°F. In April 2020, after the monitoring period included in this report, a mechanical contractor serviced the boilers and found failed flow sensors for all boilers due to clogged impellers. Error codes included both condenser fan operation and clogged incoming water filters. In the latter case, water quality may need to be considered with this generation of equipment. Additionally, preventative monitoring and cleaning of equipment filters after repair events is recommended. However, the current generation Sanden product available on the market today has a different heat exchanger configuration that no longer has filters on the incoming water line3. Additionally, Gen3 equipment allows for remote start/stop capability. The M&V data was critical to detect and troubleshoot issues with HPWHs, and facilitate communications. M&V data verified hot water service to the building occupants and facilitated actions to resolve idle equipment. Through all of the above, the M&V data ensured that the system operated as designed for as much time as possible. The M&V data alerted staff to equipment outages or other issues. The M&V data portal was especially useful for systems that lack controls or notification systems. Without M&V data the periods when one or more HPWHs were inoperable would 3 John Miles, General Manager, Eco Products, Sanden International. Phone interview. 2020-02-24. have been much longer in duration. The HPWHs are extremely quiet and it is difficult to detect if they are functioning without checking directly. Furthermore, the back-up electric system is designed to ensure hot water continues to be delivered. Without built-in alarm notifications, maintenance personnel will not be aware that the HPWH DHW system is not operating as designed and inefficient backup DHW systems will likely operate for extended periods. Water Temperatures M&V data from March 20, 2019 through March 20, 2020 were used in this analysis. Figure 9 shows the water and air temperatures for M&V monitoring (excluding the leak event in June 2019). Collected M&V data show incoming (50-72°F) city water being heated to 147°F (even during periods when only three HPWHs were operable) and delivered to the recirculation loop at approximately 125°F. The dip in the delivered water temperatures in late January 2020 to early February 2020 corresponds with a time when multiple HPWHs were inoperable. Simultaneously, the backup electric boilers were not operating normally because of an inadvertent setpoint adjustment that compromised the flow sensors – these equipment issues were resolved in March- April 2020. BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION 12PDF Image | CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater Multifamily Retrofit
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