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making it a refrigerant with A1 safety classification (the same as most fluorocarbon refrigerants). CO2 as a refrigerant is sourced from a number of production methods as a by-product. Though it is nontoxic, oxygen will start getting displaced if enough carbon dioxide builds up in an enclosed space, leading to asphyxiation to anyone present over a certain period within the space. In terms of environmental impact, CO2 does not lead to any harmful decay products. CO2 as a refrigerant has several unique properties. The most significant being higher operating pressure of CO2 systems. Adding to this are the extremely low viscosity and the low critical temperature of Carbon dioxide. It is now possible to source compressors for use in refrigeration system up to 16MPa (Britzer, 2015). The high pressure of CO2 delivers many of the inherent benefits of the system. The compressors are relatively small and so is the pipework. The gas is dense and hence results in good transport and heat transfer properties. If a system is designed to capitalize on the advantage of high pressure, CO2 systems can offer significantly more efficient systems. The viscosity of liquid CO2 is one-tenth of water at 5°C. Unlike brine and glycol solutions, the viscosity of CO2 at lower temperatures of -50°C remains uniform. This makes CO2 an attractive heat transfer fluid at low temperature. The critical temperature of CO2 is 31°C which is considerably low compared to the other refrigerants. This offers unique opportunities to design a system in a suitable way so as to generate significant savings when compared to conventional technology. Heat recovery at these higher temperatures is very advantageous. Various water heaters, domestic, commercial and light industrial heat pump system installation in the market show that if this property is tapped in appropriately, the system can have significant advantages. The benefits of this property are more noteworthy when both, the cooling and heating systems are 4PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMPS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING APPLICATIONS
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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