CO2 HEAT PUMPS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING APPLICATIONS

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CO2 HEAT PUMPS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING APPLICATIONS ( co2-heat-pumps-for-commercial-building-applications )

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Kim, 2007). Stene (2005) proposed CO2 heat pumps for residential applications. The author tested a 6.5 kW prototype CO2 heat pump under three different modes: space heating only, Domestic Hot Water (DHW) heating only, and simultaneous heating and DHW heating and documented the results. In laboratory settings, Wang et al. (2014) concluded that the best COP of application of transcritical CO2 heat pump system with simultaneous heating and cooling using a thermal battery is found to be approximately 7.0 at a specific operating condition. Table 1-1 lists the existing CO2 systems in different countries over the globe (Sheeco, 2013). Some of these systems are prototypes in specific locations where as others are commercialized systems in the corresponding country. This research is concentrated on the application of CO2 heat pumps in commercial buildings in particular such as a data center 1.4. Scope of Application of CO2 Heat Pumps in Data Centers With the growing use of digital content, big data and e-commerce, data centers have become one of the fastest growing industries using electricity and one of the key drivers in the construction of new power plants. Based on moderate estimates, Mills (2013) predicts the world’s Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) ecosystem uses about 1500 TWh of electricity annually. The report also forecasts that ICT is now approaching 10% of worlds electricity generation. Greenpeace International’s (2012) findings show the large IT companies reliance on fossil fuels to power the clouds. The dependance on coal is represented in Figure 1-2. This reliance on coal highlights the urgent need to move towards more energy efficient equipments and utilization of renewable sources of energy. 6

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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info

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