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HPWH Performance Report Table 12 shows the average labor hours spent on the installation by the different tradespeople. There is a significant difference in the electrician and plumber hours between the two technologies. The electricians spent on average 7.0 hours wiring the Sanden units while no electrician was required for the Rheem unit installations21. The difference is that the Sanden units always need an electrical disconnect installed near the outside unit, and a dedicated circuit in the electrical panel. This work required an electrical permit resulting in an average of $183 in taxes and permit costs for the Sanden unit installations relative to $59 for the Rheem units. In addition, the Sanden units require heat trace for freeze protection of the water pipes that run from the outside unit to the wall. The power for the heat trace currently requires a dedicated electrical circuit which adds time and cost to the installation. We recommend that Sanden include a power source in the unit for freeze protection in order to eliminate the need for a second dedicated electrical circuit reducing electrical materials, labor and permitting costs. Since the integrated Rheem units are essentially drop-in replacements for the existing electric resistance water heaters, their installation does not typically need an electrician. An additional 2.0 hours were required to wire and install heat trace for the Sanden units. However, the Rheem units required an additional 3.4 hours on average to duct the units to outside air more than making up for the heat trace labor requirements. This ducting is not a manufacturer’s requirement and chosen for this field testing to eliminate the interactive effects of the HPWH drawing heat from a conditioned space. There is an even greater difference in the plumber labor hours as the Sanden units required 12.3 hours on average relative to the 7.1 hours required for the Rheem units. The Sanden units require significant water piping to be plumbed from the outside heat pump to the inside hot water tank. The Sanden unit is a newer technology to the local trades and we expect some decrease in labor hours as familiarity increases. However, the increased complexity in both electrical and plumbing ensures there will always be a significant increase in installation costs relative to a drop-in integrated unit like the Rheem. Table 12: Average Installation Labor Hours Te chnology Electrician Labor Plumber Labor Freeze Protection /Ducting Total Labor Hours Sanden 7.0 12.3 2.0 21.3 Rheem 0.0 7.1 3.4 10.5 21 Two Rheem units did require electrician time because they needed upgraded circuits. This was due to the fact that we replaced 48-gallon tanks with 65-gallon tanks which required larger breakers and wiring. We pulled out these costs as we do not expect this to be a typical cost for a Rheem installation that replaces a similarly sized hot water tank. 6PDF Image | CO2 Integrated Heat Pump Water Heater
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