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5.2 Impacts of Ducting Units We did not test unducted Rheem units for a full year as a part of this study, but on November 1st, 2017 we detached the ducting which draws in outside air on the Kelowna Site 4 Rheem unit. The heat pump is located in the basement, and as expected, the unducted unit performed significantly better than the same unit did when ducted during the previous winter. As shown in Figure 15, the unducted unit performed with an average COP of 1.47 in December 2017 through February 2018 when the average outside air temperature remained below 0°C. During the previous winter of December 2016 through February 2017, the ducted unit performed with an average COP of 0.96. However, we do not have summer data for an unducted unit, and we expect that a ducted unit would perform better when the outside air is warmer than the basement air. Figure 15: Kelowna Site 4 Ducted and Unducted Performance Ducting the Rheem units to mitigate the interactive effects of the heat pump water heater with space heating appears to have limited impact on COP for several reasons: ➢ The climates of Vancouver Island (CZ4) and Kelowna (CZ5) are temperate, resulting in limited annual hours that are below the heat pump minimum temperature. ➢ The winter COP penalty of ductwork is largely offset by increased COP resulting from warm summertime air. ➢ The heat pump primarily ran in late morning and late evening coincident with warmer outside air temperature. Figure 16 shows the average daily water draw and heat pump profile of all ducted Rheem sites over the entire performance period. The water draw profile peaks are at 7am and 7pm with the heat pump power draw peak coming shortly after at 10am and 8pm. The two peak power draws of the heat pump do not occur between 5am and 8am when the outside temperature is the coldest and heat pump performance is the lowest.PDF Image | CO2 Integrated Heat Pump Water Heater
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