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HPWH Performance Report 13. Conclusion This field demonstration has shown encouraging results for heat pump water heating even in cold climates. Below are some conclusions from the study. ➢ The Sanden units are able to deliver hot water without backup electric elements even in the coldest weather of the cold mountain climate of Rossland, BC. ➢ With both the split and integrated technologies, it is possible to use heat pump technology for water heating without the heating penalty historically associated with heat pump water heating. ➢ The need to run an additional electric circuit for heat trace for the Sanden unit adds a meaningful cost to the installation. It seems reasonable that the Sanden unit could provide power for heat trace from the outdoor unit. Additionally, this would allow for built in thermostatic control of the heat trace, which would improve overall energy use. ➢ The heat trace on the Sanden unit plumbing creates a meaningful COP penalty, though COPs even with heat trace were quite impressive. More temperate locations may consider not installing heat trace. ➢ The COP penalty of ducting integrated units may not be as meaningful as previously thought. With an average annual COP of 1.8 with the ducted units, we see that the winter COP penalty from the ductwork is countered by the summertime benefit of warmer inlet air. Since this study did not include a control group of unducted integrated units, there remains some uncertainty of the impact of the ductwork on COP. However, based on the positive performance we’ve seen with the ducted units, we believe the COP impact of the ductwork to be modest. ➢ The Rheem units, as well as many other heat pump water heaters come “Demand Response ready”. Hot water tanks have significant stored energy and can coast several hours through a DR event even in high draw homes while still delivering hot water. This stored energy, combined with a low incremental cost for DR communications make heat pump water heaters a promising DR resource. While these attributes make a strong case for heat pump water heaters to be used as a DR resource, one must consider that the act of installing a heat pump water heater provides a significant permanent demand reduction, leaving only a modest DR potential per home. Based on our limited dataset, we estimate the DR potential to be approximately 0.15-0.2 kW per home. When considering heat pump water heaters as a DR resource, one should evaluate the cost of the enabling technology and program administration relative to the value of the resource. 70PDF Image | CO2 Integrated Heat Pump Water Heater
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