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M.-H. Kim et al. / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30 (2004) 119–174 153 Fig. 44. Comparison of CO2 mobile air-conditioning system prototype performance to R-134a baseline. (a) Capacity, (b) coefficient of performance. maintains a steadier compressor torque, Fc; than the fixed orifice (needle valve in fixed position). Control options are discussed in Refs. [138,139]. Additional experimental results and a more detailed investigation of the time averaged COP- maximizing high side pressure strategy is presented in Ref. [140], which found a linear relationship between gas cooler exit temperature and COP maximums over a wide range of operating conditions. Based on the results of an analysis of a large number of experiments and some new concepts, next-generation prototype systems have been designed and are serving as the focus for current research. Most are equipped with variable-displacement compressors, and heat exchangers configured to exploit the unique transport and thermodyn- amic properties of CO2. Some of these design features and model validation results are discussed in Section 7. Research and development of transcritical CO2 technol- ogy marked a significant departure from mobile air conditioning industry’s traditional product development programs, which are dominated by internally funded proprietary efforts. The involvement of academic research at such an early stage is unprecedented, and illustrates two distinct types of value delivered by the academy to the industry. The first is not new: peer-reviewed research elucidates the fundamental physical processes, and provides a physical basis for discontinuous technological change, Fig. 45. Characteristic behavior in cycling.PDF Image | CO2 Vapor Compression Systems
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