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List of Figures Figure 2.1 Heating performance comparison with matched heating capacity......................................................................6 Figure 2.2 Heating performance comparison with matched cooling capacity......................................................................6 Figure 2.3 Effect of increased capacity of R744 at lower outdoor temperatures on overall heating efficiency (matched heating capacity).....................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 2.4 Effect of increased capacity of R744 at lower outdoor temperatures on overall heating efficiency (matched cooling capacity)....................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 2.5 R744/R410A cycle comparison.................................................................................................................................8 Figure 2.6 Frost pattern on outdoor coil indicating maldistribution.......................................................................................9 Figure 2.7 R744 gas cooler performance (indoor temperature 21oC).....................................................................................9 Figure 2.8 Compressor efficiency at matched cooling capacity............................................................................................10 Figure 2.9 Effect of airflow rate reduction on R744 indoor coil (R410A baseline face velocity=1.55 m/s).................10 Figure 3.1 Ideal subcritical cycle ................................................................................................................................................12 Figure 3.2 R744 pressure enthalpy diagram.............................................................................................................................13 Figure 3.3 Maximum supply air temperature based on pinch point .....................................................................................14 Figure 3.4 Effect of pressure and refrigerant mass flow variations on maximum supply air temperature ....................15 Figure 3.5 Effect of increasing flow rate at a constant pressure on maximum supply air temperature and cycle efficiency for R744 ................................................................................................................................................................16 Figure 3.6 Comparison of cycle efficiency based on maximum supply air temperature (both cycles with IHX) ........16 Figure 3.7 Effect of decrease in evaporating temperature on heating cycle efficiency.....................................................17 Figure 3.8 Cooling cycle efficiencies (gas cooler exit temperature 35oC) ..........................................................................19 Figure 3.9 Effect of air flow rate on R410A cooling cycle efficiency (gas cooler exit temperature 35oC, evaporating temperature 12oC) ............................................................................................................................................19 Figure 3.10 Effect of fixed displacement compressor on ideal heat pump cycle capacity ...............................................20 Figure 3.11 Efficiency with finite displacement compressor.................................................................................................21 Figure 4.1 R410A compressor efficiency..................................................................................................................................24 Figure 4.2 R744 compressor efficiency.....................................................................................................................................25 Figure 4.3 Load/capacity curve for system with fixed capacity compressor......................................................................26 Figure 4.4 Efficiency for system with fixed capacity compressor........................................................................................27 Figure 4.6 Trade-off between increase in change in enthalpy and decrease in refrigerant mass flow rate as a function of gas cooler pressure for R744 (Tevap=5.3oC)..................................................................................................28 Figure 4.7 Dependence of evaporating temperature on sensible heat ratio .........................................................................29 Figure 4.8 Effect of evaporating temperature on cooling cycle efficiency with unconstrained airflow rate over condenser/gas cooler.............................................................................................................................................................30 Figure 4.9 Effect of evaporating temperature on cooling cycle efficiency with matched air flow rates over condenser/gas cooler.............................................................................................................................................................30 Figure 4.10 Effect of internal heat exchanger on cooling cycle efficiency .........................................................................31 Figure 4.11 Effect of real compressor and evaporating temperature on heating cycle efficiency...................................32 viii PagePDF Image | Comparison of R744 and R410A
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