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DECARBONIZING SPACE HEATING WITH AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS 2. SPACE HEATING IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY The three leading technologies for space heating in the US today are furnaces, boilers and electric resistance heating: ● Furnaces draw in cold air and ignite a burner to heat it, then use fans to distribute the warm air throughout the household through ducts. Most furnaces run on natural gas or fuel oil. ● Boilers heat water and distribute hot water or steam through pipes to radiators. This is especially common in apartment buildings in the Northeast. Boilers are almost always fueled by natural gas or fuel oil.3 ● Electric resistance heaters generate heat by passing electricity through resistors. These are commonly used in baseboard heaters and space heaters and are sometimes used in furnaces.4 Space heating in US buildings is dominated by fossil fuels. Roughly half of buildings use natural gas for heating. Roughly 10–15 percent use oil or propane. The remainder use electricity. In most parts of the country, electricity is generated primarily using fossil fuels.5 Roughly 58 million US homes use natural gas heating. In the Northeast, where fuel oil is still a relatively common heating source, natural gas and fuel oil combine for 77 percent of households’ primary heating. In the Midwest, 63 percent of households are heated by natural gas furnaces.6 About one-third of homes, or around 41 million housing units, used electricity for some portion of their heating, with electric resistance heaters the primary source in this category.7 10 | CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY | COLUMBIA SIPAPDF Image | DECARBONIZING SPACE HEATING WITH HEAT PUMPS
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