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DECARBONIZING SPACE HEATING WITH AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS and cost of equipment. We assumed the size of the backup heater is dependent on the gap between the heat produced by the ASHP at the heating design temperature (-14°F) and the total heating demand. In Fargo, the resistance heater covers 28.4 percent of the total heat at the heating design temperature. Considering COP and capacity of the ASHP, we evaluated the temperature at which the heat demand can be covered exclusively by the ASHP (3°F in the Base Scenario). Then we calculated the heating hours for which on average (based on 30 years of data) the temperature is lower than 3°F. For these hours, we assumed both ASHP and resistance heater are operating. For the rest of the heating hours, we assumed that only the ASHP is operating. For simplicity, we assumed the same split between ASHP and backup resistance heater in all scenarios, although in reality this split would depend on the COP and other factors. According to the data from EPRI, we assumed the gas furnace efficiency is 85 percent.67 Electric resistance efficiency was assumed to be 100 percent. The heat pump COP for heating and cooling are shown below as a function of outside temperature. The values are based on data reported by EPRI.68 Figure 9: ASHP heating performance 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 -20 ̊F 4.5 1 0.5 0 0 ̊F 20 ̊F 40 ̊F 60 ̊F 80 ̊F Outside temperature Source: EPRI 36 | CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY | COLUMBIA SIPA ASHP heating coefficient of performancePDF Image | DECARBONIZING SPACE HEATING WITH HEAT PUMPS
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